Defence spending and economic growth in South Africa: A supply and demand model*

This paper provides a contribution to the growing corpus of knowledge and understanding of the interaction between economic growth and defence spending in South Africa by specifying a Keynesian simultaneous equation model and estimating the system for the period 1961 to 1997. The model contains a growth equation, a savings equation, a trade balance equation and a military burden equation and when estimated by single equation and systems estimation methods is relatively well specified. There is evidence of an overall negative effect of military spending on the economy over this period, though the significance of individual coefficients is low. There is certainly no evidence of any positive impact, suggesting that cuts in military spending do present an opportunity for improved macroeconomic performance.     

U.S. Troops and Foreign Economic Growth

By way of an evolutionary game model we show that mediation in international conflicts might be harmful to the conflicting parties. In fact, under anarchy both parties can be better off than under an international regime if mediation reduces the parties’ reactive capacities (i.e. their abilites to respond to an aggression). This result is applied to issues currently discussed in the literature on international relations such as the role of the United Nations as a mediator of international conflicts.     

车载多接入边缘网络中联合资源分配和动态任务卸载方案

针对车联网中车辆移动速度过快产生的任务卸载失败问题,设计了一个有效的任务卸载风险评估模型,并提出了联合资源分配的动态任务卸载方案。将时间、能耗和风险共同建模为系统效用,通过联合优化卸载决策、资源分配来最大化系统效用。优化问题被公式化为混合整数非线性规划,在给定卸载决策的情况下,利用凸优化技术解决计算资源分配问题,功率分配通过分式规划技术来优化。仿真分析了车辆移动性对系统效用的影响,证明了所提方案的合理性。     

卤代烃灭火剂产生酸性气体的毒害性

作为哈龙灭火剂气体替代物之一的卤代烃类灭火剂用于灭火时会产生大量的卤化氢酸性气体。以层流扩散火焰实验数据为基础,对灭火过程中酸性气体的产生进行了研究,对不同卤代烃类灭火剂的酸性气体产量进行了比较,并对酸性气体的毒害性进行了详细讨论。从灭火过程中副产物的毒害性出发,为灭烃类火灾时灭火剂的选择提供理论依据。     

关于实施2＋6工程推进防消结合的思考

从消防安全“两个能力”建设和灭火救援“六熟悉”工作入手,积极探索防火、灭火工作的互动、结合,形成建设“2 6”工程、推进防消结合的工作构想。着重就“2 6”工程的内涵、意义以及实施“2 6”工程的基本设想进行详细阐述,主要目的是通过分析实施“2 6”工程的必要性、可行性,评估工程效果,为实施“2 6”工程提供依据。     

关系数据库规范化设计理论探析

数据库设计是数据库应用领域的主要研究课题,是继需求分析后的一个非常重要的环节。关系数据库设计的重点难点就是数据库的规范化理论,必须深入透彻的理解规范化理论,才能设计出一个高质量的数据库。根据数据库设计理论和应用要求,通过通俗易懂的实例详尽地说明了1NF、2NF、3NF和BCNF在数据库设计中的具体操作步骤和方法,对于数据库设计有重要的指导意义。     

CeO2对NiCrBSi合金激光熔覆层滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用NdYAG激光器,在45CrNi钢表面制备了添加有0、0.4%、0.8%和1.2?O2的NiCrBSi合金熔覆层.在MM-200环块摩擦磨损试验机上分别检测了4种熔覆层的滑动摩擦磨损性能.测试结果表明 经CeO2强化后熔覆层的耐磨性提高,摩擦因数略有下降.利用SEM分析磨损表面形貌可知未加入CeO2的熔覆层对应的磨损机理是显微切削;加入1.2?O2熔覆层的磨损表面光滑,显微切削造成的沟槽明显减少.上述试验结果与熔覆层显微组织密切相关.     

流变抛光结合HF酸刻蚀提升熔石英元件抗激光损伤性能

为了提升紫外熔石英元件抗激光损伤性能,针对传统加工方法在加工过程中产生的破碎性缺陷和污染性缺陷,本文提出了使用磁流变抛光+HF刻蚀组合工艺提升紫外熔石英元件抗激光损伤性能的方法。磁流变抛光特有的剪切去除原理能够有效去除传统加工过程产生的破碎性缺陷,同时不产生新的破碎性缺陷。HF酸动态酸刻蚀能够有效减少加工过程中产生金属元素污染。实验结果表明：经过组合工艺处理的熔石英样品,在7J/cm₂.3ω激光通量辐照下损伤密度由0.2/mm₂降至0.008/mm₂,在8J/cm₂.3ω激光通量辐照下损伤密度由1/mm₂降至0.1/mm₂,对紫外熔石英元件损伤性能提升显著。     

面向作战仿真的指控系统建模技术研究

重点研究指控系统的建模技术,建立了群指挥所、方面作战指挥所和平台指挥所三级指控系统的模型,并确立了三者之间的层次和控制的逻辑关系。从作战方案和战术响应两方面对指控系统进行"静态的"和"动态的"建模,实现了作战双方基于感知态势的闭环仿真。这些模型在海军某作战仿真系统中得到了应用,仿真实验表明该指控系统模型满足作战仿真系统的作战需求,能够提高作战仿真的真实性和合理性。     

Planning for the next Takur Ghar

The USA is currently facing an increasingly diverse range of threats, including non-state actors, particularly violent extremist organizations attempting to do harm. The national leadership has made it clear that for the near future it will employ Special Operations Forces (SOF) as the tool of choice in short-duration, high-intensity operations that have more in common with the battle of Takur Ghar, than those with a larger footprint. It is critical then that the lessons of the past are learnt now and are applied before employing SOF in the future. This becomes especially important given the short lead-time in concert with the short-duration/high-intensity tempo of their operations. In the Battle of Takur Ghar, during Operation Anaconda, rigid adherence to the joint functions, especially clearer and more robust Command and Control (C2) and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) in the planning and execution of Operation Anaconda would have yielded a better operational outcome and saved lives. With the benefit of hindsight, many things could have been done differently, but several key issues stand out. The C2 structure must include all components from the outset to synchronize effects and rapidly re-task ISR. There must be multiple communications redundancies and adequate bandwidth. Finally, all SOF, conventional and interagency capabilities must be synchronized under one task force commander with a sufficiently robust C2 infrastructure to direct the entire effort. As our nation calls on SOF at an ever-increasing rate, we must take those lessons learned and apply them to future operations.