Experimental study of transient pressure wave in the behind armor blunt trauma induced by different rifle bullets

Pressure wave plays an important role in the occurrence of behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), and ballistic gelatin is widely used as a surrogate of biological tissue in the research of BABT. Comparison of pressure wave in the gelatin behind armor for different rifle bullets is lacking. The aim of this study was to observe dynamic changes in pressure wave induced by ballistic blunt impact on the armored gelatin block and to compare the effects of bullet type on the parameters of the transient pressure wave. The gelatin blocks protected with National Institute of Justice (NIJ) class III bulletproof armor were shot by three types of rifle bullet with the same level of impact energy. The transient pressure signals at five locations were recorded with pressure sensors and three parameters (maximum pressure, maximum pressure impulse, and the duration of the first positive phase) were determined and discussed. The results indicated that the waveform and the twin peak of transient pressure wave were not related to the bullet type. However, the values of pressure wave’s parameters were significantly affected by bullet type. Additionally, the attenuation of pressure amplitude followed the similar law for the three ammunitions. These findings may be helpful to get some insight in the BABT and improve the structure design of bullet.     

溅板式层板喷注单元燃烧特性数值分析

为了获得喷注单元结构参数对喷注器燃烧特性的影响规律,利用数值分析方法对单喷嘴溅板式层板喷注单元气-气燃烧特性进行研究,考察燃烧室特征长度及出口层喷嘴宽度对气氧/甲烷流动及燃烧特性的影响。在求解气-气燃烧流场方面,采用带化学反应的湍流N-S方程进行描述,其中化学动力学反应模型采用简化的单步9组分模型。研究结果表明:燃烧室特征长度的增大有利于特征速度效率的增加;该条件下采用溅板式层板喷注单元所对应的燃烧室特征长度约为600 mm。对比分析发现,出口层喷嘴宽度取0.15 mm时,水组分摩尔分数与热力计算值差别最大;当其值取1.05 mm时,燃烧室头部区域截面温度上升最快,取0.45 mm时上升最慢。总的来说,出口层喷嘴宽度取0.75 mm时,燃烧长度最短,燃烧效率最大。     

考虑地球非球形引力摄动影响的自由段弹道解析解

针对地球非球形引力摄动影响下的自由段弹道快速计算问题,在非正交坐标系内建立考虑J2项摄动的地球引力作用下的运动微分方程,在轨道坐标系内建立扰动引力作用下的运动微分方程,并计算天向扰动引力加速度对应的质量偏差,进而通过椭圆轨道以修正J2项摄动运动微分方程;在建立上述运动微分方程解析解的基础上,给出了地心坐标系内弹道飞行器位置和绝对速度的表达式,从而提出了J2项摄动引力和扰动引力作用下的自由段弹道解析计算方法。仿真分析表明:该方法具有较高的计算效率,落点位置偏差小于20 m,满足弹道飞行器高精度实时制导、轨迹预测等应用需求。     

层流介质中金属板腐蚀电位分布研究

为了研究流动介质中产生的静电场,结合电化学和流体力学相关知识建立层流介质中金属板模型,利用贝塞尔函数展开及其逆运算推导出在三层介质中基于点电荷模型的腐蚀电位解析表达式,同时计算出金属板产生的电场。运用推导出的解析表达式计算出在流动介质中任意场点处金属板随不同流速产生的腐蚀电位,并通过实验验证结果的正确性。结果表明,对层流条件下电化学反应产生的电流密度所建模型的结果与实验测量数据吻合度较高,同时电场分布也会随着流体流速及层流方向上长度的变化而发生变化。     

Air power in humanitarian intervention: Kosovo and Libya in comparative perspective

It would be hard to overstate the importance of air power in humanitarian intervention (HI) and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). Yet, the role of air power in HI and R2P has been understudied. This article seeks to remedy the lack of systematic investigation. It does so by developing a framework for assessing the effectiveness of air power during military operations in HI and R2P and applies it to NATO’s air campaigns in Kosovo (Operation Allied Force) and Libya (Operation Unified Protector). Upon examination NATO is revealed to have fared better in Libya than Kosovo in positively accomplishing its stated humanitarian objectives, minimizing collateral damage and reducing the costs for the interveners, all of which are aspects considered by the model. The relative effectiveness of Operations Unified Protector is generally attributed to geography, diplomacy and technology. It is argued that better ground support, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and burden sharing are needed to enhance the utility of air power in HI and R2P even further.     

穿甲子弹偏心入射陶瓷/钢复合靶板试验

设计并进行了7.62mm穿甲子弹侵彻陶瓷/低碳钢复合靶板的弹道试验,得到了极限速度及陶瓷锥底部半径等数据。分析了锥底半径与入射速度、面板及背板厚度的关系,着重分析了偏心入射时靶板的抗弹机理。结果表明:陶瓷锥可分为破碎区和粉碎区,粉碎区半径约为面板厚度与弹丸半径之和;当弹着点距离陶瓷面板边缘大于5mm时,靶板的抗弹性能变化不大,而弹着点位于距陶瓷面板边缘小于5mm的板边区时,抗弹性能明显降低,靶板的有效防护面积应扣除板边区。     

一种新的Weibull分布恒定应力加速寿命试验分析方法

分析了Weibull分布恒定应力加速寿命试验常用的二步分析方法存在的不足 ,建立了一种新的构造数据分析方法。考虑到分布参数的相关性 ,该方法引入了Weibull分布特征寿命参数的二次估计 ,在模型拟合优度上高于原来的二步分析方法 ,使分析精度得到了改善。同时 ,该方法避免了原来二步分析方法的查表过程 ,便于软件实现和工程实际应用。     

二维虚拟ESPRIT算法的改进

对二维虚拟ESPRIT算法进行了改进 ,在保持原算法计算量小这一优点的基础上 ,提高了阵元利用率 ,或者减小了对阵列结构的要求     

装甲装备器材仓库MIS分析与设计

为提高装甲器材仓库的管理水平,促进装甲装备技术保障建设,结合我军装甲器材仓库编 制体制和器材保障需求,应用面向对象的方法,提出了系统的总体框架、层次结构,论述了系统的功能。 从而为我军装甲器材仓库的信息化建设提出了一套切实可行的技术方案。     

无人机时频二维信道估计研究

依据无人机信道快速时变的相关参数,设计了信道估计所需的时频二维插入导频图案,利用最小均方误差准则,采用维纳滤波器,实现了无人机时频二维信道估计。通过性能分析和数值仿真可以看出,基于Wiener滤波MMSE准则设计时频二维信道估计不仅可以提高无人机信道的精度,同时还可以保证信道的鲁棒性能。