镍基高温合金GH3536表面早期结霜特性实验分析

以镍基高温合金GH3536光滑表面和具有疏水性能的微孔结构表面为研究对象,对其表面的早期结霜特性进行研究。定量分析了表面温度、相对湿度和表面润湿性对霜晶形貌和生长速率的影响。研究结果表明:随着表面温度的降低,霜晶形成的初始时间缩短,生长速率加快,获得四种典型的霜晶形貌。相对湿度的增大导致霜晶数量的增加和形貌的改变,而液滴的凝结和冻结时间与相对湿度无关。对于相同的霜晶形貌,增大相对湿度对霜晶生长有一定的促进作用,而当霜晶形貌变化时,相对湿度的改变将导致霜晶高度和生长速率产生显著差异。由微孔结构构成的疏水表面能够通过增大成核势垒和接触热阻来有效地延迟霜晶的形成,但对随后霜晶生长和形貌的影响可以忽略。     

Data-driven prediction of plate velocities and plate deformation of explosive reactive armor

Explosive reactive armor (ERA) is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge jets. Considering mobility, the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required mass. The efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the detonation. Therefore, different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best design. Since analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments, as well as numerical simulations, are too time-consuming, a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed here. The ground truth for the artificial neural network (ANN) is numerical simulation results that are validated with experiments. The ANN approximates the plate positions for different materials, plate sizes, and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in real-time. In a future investigation, the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given threat. Then, a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be calculated. Finally, an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.     

精细陶瓷在坦克装甲车辆中的应用与发展

综述了精细陶瓷在坦克装甲车辆动力装置、装甲防护装置、火力装置及腐蚀与防护等方面的应用现状与发展,阐述了制约精细陶瓷广泛应用的主要因素及解决措施,同时展望了精细陶瓷应用的发展前景。     

基于移频卷积的合成孔径雷达干扰技术研究

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)信号存在着距离和多普勒频率之间耦合的特点,提出了一种利用DRFM进行SAR雷达信号的存储,并加入多普勒频移进行脉冲叠加噪声卷积的SAR干扰新方法.通过真目标回波与滞后方向的假目标回波交叠,形成了类似于噪声的距离维压制干扰;在复制的干扰脉冲上叠加一个窄带的噪声信号,造成方位维的模糊来进行方位维干扰,达到对SAR的二维相参压制干扰效果.     

排液槽对折板捕雾器性能影响数值模拟

为研究气液分离器内使用的折板式捕雾器的流场特性及排液槽对其性能的影响,利用流体动力学计算软件Fluent,采用Low-Re Stress-Omega模型和DPM两相流模型,对捕雾器气液两相流流场进行了数值模拟。通过对比安装排液槽前后捕雾器内流场,分析了排液槽对捕雾器流场速度、液滴运动轨迹的影响;发现排液槽能大幅提高捕雾器的除雾效率,10μm以上液滴基本能够全部去除,但是也会使除雾器压降急剧增大。最后研究了排液槽主要结构参数——折弯直径和长度对捕雾器性能的影响,发现增大排液槽折弯直径和长度均能增加除雾效率,但同时也会增大进出口压降。     

基于间歇采样转发干扰的ISAR群目标生成方法

基于间歇采样转发干扰理论,提出了一种ISAR二维群目标生成方法。采用伴飞式干扰机,对所掩护的目标回波信号进行间歇采样转发,在ISAR上形成逼真的虚假二维群目标图像;通过调整干扰机和目标的空间位置关系,生成二维假目标序列,并能模拟目标的动态姿态变化。在介绍了间歇采样转发干扰的基本原理后,阐述了伴飞式干扰原理,然后从理论上推导了了伴飞式干扰机的功率和空间位置要求,接下来着重分析了二维群目标生成的理论原因,指出了影响二维群目标分布的关键因素和群目标的姿态角变化规律,最后进行了仿真验证,结果表明了该方法的有效性。研究成果对于ISAR干扰机的设计和工程应用具有指导意义。     

A LONG‐RUN ANALYSIS OF DEFENCE SPENDING IN THE NATO COUNTRIES (1960–99)

This paper analyses the long‐run demand for defence output through a homogeneous treatment of 15 NATO member countries between 1960 and 1999. We carry out a progressive study of the interactions between either defence spending or defence burden and their main determinants: income, external threat and allied military spending. To that end, we use time‐series analysis with endogenously determined structural breaks. We further consider individual country functions related to one another through a common correlated effects method, in order to take into account explicitly the connections between members of an alliance.     

A non‐linear defence‐growth nexus? evidence from the US economy

The defense‐growth nexus is investigated empirically using time series data for the US and allowing the effect of defense spending on growth to be non‐linear. Using recently developed econometric methods involving threshold regressions, evidence of a level‐dependent effect of military expenditure on GDP growth is found: the positive externality effect of defense spending prevails for relatively lower levels of defense spending (with respect to the history of defense spending in the US) and reverts its influence for higher levels.     

Military Spending and Income Inequality:Evidence on Cointegration and Causality for Turkey,1963–2007

This paper investigates a series of unit root, cointegration and causality tests to ascertain the direction of causality between the growth of GNP and defence expenditure in Turkey for the years 1955–2000. The main conclusion is that there is a long‐run equilibrium relationship between GNP and defence expenditures. Furthermore, the short run causality test indicates that there is a unidirectional causality between variables, from defence expenditure to economic growth. In order to see the effect of a shock, we employed impulse response analyses. The results show that GNP decreased during the period then output finally recovered from the initial shock to defence expenditures.     

基于复杂网络的指控组织建模与分析

面对指控组织(C2组织)日益呈现出的复杂性和网络化结构特点,提出基于复杂网络的研究思路,并从现实指控组织网络出发,分析复杂网络理论适用于指控组织建模的现实与理论依据。结合指控组织建设的普遍实际,参考复杂网络适应度模型及组织网络模型后,基于新节点和内部边两方面交互增长的思想,建立了指控组织生成模型。通过仿真实验,验证了无标度性、小世界性等复杂网络特性,符合现实指控组织的特点,为进一步进行指控组织效能评估提供了基础。