Effectiveness of (R,Q) policies in one‐warehouse multiretailer systems with deterministic demand and backlogging

Consider a distribution system with a central warehouse and multiple retailers. Customer demand arrives at each of the retailers continuously at a constant rate. The retailers replenish their inventories from the warehouse which in turn orders from an outside supplier with unlimited stock. There are economies of scale in replenishing the inventories at both the warehouse and the retail level. Stockouts at the retailers are backlogged. The system incurs holding and backorder costs. The objective is to minimize the long‐run average total cost in the system. This paper studies the cost effectiveness of (R, Q) policies in the above system. Under an (R, Q) policy, each facility orders a fixed quantity Q from its supplier every time its inventory position reaches a reorder point R. It is shown that (R, Q) policies are at least 76% effective. Numerical examples are provided to further illustrate the cost effectiveness of (R, Q) policies. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 422–439, 2000     

捷联式惯导系统动态误差特性研究

根据载体运动状态下捷联惯性导航系统 (SINS)的误差方程时变的特点 ,推导出捷联惯性导航系统动态误差模型 ,并对其在几种动态环境下的误差特性进行了仿真研究 ,结果表明 :与静态误差特性相比 ,捷联式惯导系统的动态误差特性发生了较大的变化。     

小型无人机航位推算定位算法研究与误差分析

对空中航位推算(DR)算法做了深入研究,提出了适用于小型无人机(UAV)的风速估计策略;将算法中各元素的误差对推算定位精度的影响进行了理论分析与数值计算;该研究结果应用于某小型UAV的航位推算/GPS组合导航系统的设计与实现中;飞行试验表明,通过提高对DR误差影响较大的元素的测量精度和风速的估计精度,有效提高了DR推算精度,与以往其他小型UAVs相比,在断开GPS对DR的修正后,DR精度保持在一定范围的持续时间显著延长.     

一种通信装备系统间干扰评估的新方法

提出了通信装备系统间互扰评估的一种低计算复杂度分析方法。比特差错概率是对数字通信接收机性能进行评估的重要指标,而由比特差错概率(BEP)表征的系统间互扰的情况计算非常复杂,因此需要合理简化。通常假设干扰为加性高斯白噪声,但有些情况下这种假设并不合理。而使用高阶统计量峰度值来估计的方法可以处理调制干扰信号也可以处理脉冲干扰信号,综合了加性高斯白噪声近似和峰度测量以达到对数字通信设备间互扰分析更合理精确。     

指控系统中多操作系统启动工具的研究

指控系统中GRUB2作为启动引导器,管理多种操作系统平台。GRUB2采用模块化设计,可以提供给使用者更大的灵活性和性能改进。Linux系统的模块化设计与运行机制已被广泛讨论,有关GRUB2的模块化设计与运行机制的资料却很少。为了了解它的模块化编程与运行机制,通过对一个模块程序的分析,介绍了GRUB2中模块程序的基本结构及模块化设计的灵活性;并讨论了GRUB2的模块运行机制,明确了模块运行所需的底层工作。在此基础上,可以对GRUB2进行二次开发,扩展其应用场合。     

PMSM位置伺服系统新型融合控制策略

针对PMSM位置伺服系统存在非线性、强耦合等特征,提出了一种基于分数阶PID和分数阶滑模控制的新型融合控制策略。通过检测位置误差、速度及负载转矩,归一化处理后带入构造的二次性能指标函数,根据其数值动态改变分数阶PID和分数阶滑模控制器输入到被控对象控制量的权重值大小,从而确保提出的新型融合控制策略具有快速跟踪和抗扰动能力。数值仿真实验结果表明:新型融合控制策略比分数阶PID和分数阶滑模控制拥有优良的动静态性能和较好的鲁棒性。     

The Power of the NPT: International Norms and Ukraine's Nuclear Disarmament

ABSTRACT

There is a lingering disagreement among scholars on how the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) affects nonproliferation and disarmament outcomes. Drawing on constructivist scholarship on international norms, this article examines the extent of the NPT's effect in the case of Ukraine's nuclear disarmament. In the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse, Ukraine found itself host to the world's third largest nuclear arsenal. Despite Ukraine's initial commitment to become a non-nuclear state, it proceeded along a difficult path toward NPT accession. Most controversial and directly at odds with the NPT was Ukraine's claim to ownership of its nuclear inheritance as a successor state of the Soviet Union. This article argues that, while much domestic discourse about the fate of these nuclear weapons was embedded in the negotiation of Ukraine's new identity as a sovereign state vis-à-vis Russia and the West, the NPT played an important, structural role by outlining a separate normative space for nuclear weapons and providing the grammar of denuclearization with which Ukraine's decision makers had to grapple.     

色空间对HDRI亮度测量方法的影响

相机内置预处理环节中的白平衡、色度空间转换是数码成像过程中的重要环节,sRGB和Adobe RGB是数码相机2种常用的色空间.为进一步研究色空间对HDRI亮度测量方法的影响,在荧光灯照明的实验室,分别利用sRGB和Adobe RGB色空间对色板成像,测量该亮度测量方法中各色板的标定因数,计算各色板标定因数的相对不确定度.实验结果表明:2种不同色空间获得的标定因数不同,且Adobe RGB色空间标定因数相对不确定度的平均值小于sRGB色空间的;色空间改变后,标定因数需要重新进行标定,且优先选用色域较宽的Adobe RGB色空间.     

Periodic review inventory management with contingent use of two freight modes with fixed costs

We study a stochastic inventory model of a firm that periodically orders a product from a make‐to‐order manufacturer. Orders can be shipped by a combination of two freight modes that differ in lead‐times and costs, although orders are not allowed to cross. Placing an order as well as each use of each freight mode has a fixed and a quantity proportional cost. The decision of how to allocate units between the two freight modes utilizes information about demand during the completion of manufacturing. We derive the optimal freight mode allocation policy, and show that the optimal policy for placing orders is not an (s,S) policy in general. We provide tight bounds for the optimal policy that can be calculated by solving single period problems. Our analysis enables insights into the structure of the optimal policy specifying the conditions under which it simplifies to an (s,S) policy. We characterize the best (s,S) policy for our model, and through extensive numerical investigation show that its performance is comparable with the optimal policy in most cases. Our numerical study also sheds light on the benefits of the dual freight model over the single freight models. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

一种由分抗干扰效果推出合成抗干扰效果的方法

提出了一种在外场雷达对抗试验中,由多部具有分抗干扰措施的雷达的抗干扰效果推出某种具有综合性抗干扰措施的雷达的合成抗干扰效果的方法,以在不具备该种雷达的情况下,用多部具有分抗干扰措施的雷达来代替它作为被干扰对象,在外场进行干扰机对其干扰的干扰效果试验检验。