Fragment spatial distribution of prismatic casing under internal explosive loading

Non-cylindrical casings filled with explosives have undergone rapid development in warhead design and explosion control. The fragment spatial distribution of prismatic casings is more complex than that of traditional cylindrical casings. In this study, numerical and experimental investigations into the fragment spatial distribution of a prismatic casing were conducted. A new numerical method, which adds the Lagrangian marker points to the Eulerian grid, was proposed to track the multi-material interfaces and material dynamic fractures. Physical quantity mappings between the Lagrangian marker points and Eulerian grid were achieved by their topological relationship. Thereafter, the fragment spatial distributions of the prismatic casing with different fragment sizes, fragment shapes, and casing geometries were obtained using the numerical method. Moreover, fragment spatial distribution experiments were conducted on the prismatic casing with different fragment sizes and shapes, and the experimental data were compared with the numerical results. The effects of the fragment and casing geometry on the fragment spatial distributions were determined by analyzing the numerical results and experimental data. Finally, a formula including the casing geometry parameters was fitted to predict the fragment spatial distribution of the prismatic casing under internal explosive loading.     

计算声自导鱼雷直进射击成功概率的解析方法

为解决用仿真方法计算声自导鱼雷直进射击成功概率速度慢且计算的等概率线不光滑等问题,利用数学分析及概率统计的理论,给出了一个计算目标能进入直进射击的声自导鱼雷自导作用扇面概率的近似解析公式,并用仿真方法对这个公式进行了评价,数值实验发现,所得公式能满足一定的精度要求.     

考虑细观结构变化的原状Q3黄土变形和强度特性

为研究结构性对非饱和原状Q3黄土变形和强度特性的影响,做了12个非饱和原状Q3黄土的CT-三轴侧向卸荷试验。在试验剪切过程中,利用CT机对试样进行跟踪扫描,共得到168张CT图像。基于试验数据建立了细观结构参数,并利用该参数来反映非饱和原状Q3黄土的变形和强度特性,从而得到能反映细观结构性影响的非线性应力-应变关系以及摩尔-库伦强度公式。     

价层电子对互斥理论的一种简洁推导

价层电子对互斥理论在推测分子构型方面有着广泛的应用,是现代分子结构理论的一个重要知识点,通过简洁的数学推导证明了分子构型与价层电子对之间的对应关系,并根据解析几何学分析多面体各顶点与其中心的距离,借以判断多原子分子中中心原子的孤对电子应处的位置,其结论完全符合价层电子对互斥理论的预测。     

具多特征的有限限集的计数问题

本文利用容斥原理,研究了具有多特征的有限集S的元s的计数问题,并给出了其计数的计算方法。     

管输水力摩阻不分区计算与实验研究

长输管道输送一般处于紊流区,紊流区的水力摩阻计算一直采用分区计算的方法,涉及到的公式较多,使用起来不方便,并且分区附近存在数值跃变;由于混合摩擦区的计算通常采用近似公式,误差增加,最大甚至可达百分之十几。科尔布鲁克公式被公认为是计算混合摩擦区摩阻因数的准确公式,也可近似地用于水力光滑区和完全粗糙区的计算。文中给出了基于科尔布鲁克公式的水力摩阻计算公式,用该公式统一紊流区水力摩阻计算,并对不同油品在同一管道中流动的水力摩阻损失进行了实验研究,用实验数据分析了水力摩阻计算公式的误差。研究表明,紊流区的水力摩阻计算可不分区,均采用科尔布鲁克公式,以利于工程计算,同时可提高混合摩擦区的计算精度。     

Effect of the end cap on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge

The prediction of the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps is one of the key issues to assess the damage efficiency of the warhead. However, limited work has been con-ducted to predict the fragment velocity distributions along the axis of cylindrical cased charges with end caps. This paper presents a study of the velocity distribution of fragments caused by the explosion of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps. The fragment velocity distribution and the end cap velocity were determined by an X-ray radiography method, and the axial fragment distribution was determined by witness plates. It was found that the velocities of fragments, especially near the edge, were increased when the end caps were added, and the position of maximum velocity is closer to the non-detonation end. The fragment velocities were increased, and the fragment projection range was decreased with the increase of the thickness of the end cap. A formula for fragment velocity distributions of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps, which is based on Huang's formula, was proposed by the theoretical analysis and data fitting and validated experimentally. The results indicate that the proposed formula is accurate in predicting the fragment velocity distribution along the axis of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps detonated at one end.     

Estimation of the kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition of HNIW and its adiabatic time-to-explosion by Kooij formula

A differential/integral method to estimate the kinetic parameters (apparent activation energy E_a and pre-exponential factor A) for thermal decomposition reaction of energetic materials based on Kooij formula are applied to study the nonisothermal decomposition reaction kinetics of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) by analyzing nonisothermal DSC curve data. The apparent activation energy (E_a) obtained by the integral isoconversional non-isothermal method based on Kooij formula is used to check the constancy and validity of apparent activation energy by the differential/integral method based on Kooij formula. The most probable mechanism function of thermal decomposition reaction of HNIW is determined by a logical choice method. The equations for calculating the critical temperatures of thermal explosion (T_b) and adiabatic time-to-explosion (t_TIad) based on Kooij formula are used to calculate the values of T_b and t_TIad to evaluate the thermal safety and heat-resistant ability of HNIW. All the original data needed for analyzing the kinetic parameters are from nonisothermal DSC curves. The results show that the kinetic model function in differential form and the values of E_a and A of decomposition reaction of HNIW are 3(1 − α)[−ln(1 − α)]^2/3, 152.73 kJ mol⁻¹ and 10^11.97 s⁻¹, respectively, and the values of self-accelerating decomposition temperature (T_SADT), T_b and t_TIad are 486.55 K, 493.11 K and 52.01 s, respectively.