美国陆军旅战斗队化生放核力量研究及启示

化生放核部队是美军重要的作战保障力量。为有效应对化生放核威胁和危害,美国陆军通过重塑旅战斗队化生放核力量,不仅提升了自我保障能力,还具备了全频谱作战和可持续作战能力。本文通过研究和分析美国陆军步兵旅战斗队、斯特赖克旅战斗队和装甲旅战斗队化生放核兵员的力量编制和装备编配,试图为未来一个时期陆军合成旅防化兵建设和发展,实现全域作战和立体防护要求提供一定借鉴。研究表明,美国陆军旅战斗队在旅司令部、营司令部和连司令部编设不同岗位的化生放核参谋,作战指挥能力强;在旅司令部、工兵营、侦察营、步兵营/装甲营和支援营编配了大量便携式化生放核装备和少量车载式化生放核装备,自我保障能力较强。     

The campaign of the lost footsteps: the pacification of Burma, 1885-95

ABSTRACT

What Rudyard Kipling called the ‘campaign of lost footsteps’ was the longest campaign fought by the Victorian army. The conquest of Upper Burma, an area of 140,000 sq. miles with a population of four million, took only three weeks in November 1885 and was accomplished with minimum cost. However, the removal and deportation of the Burmese King and dismantling of all traditional authority dismantled led to growing resistance to British rule leading to an increasingly difficult guerrilla war. Though the Burmese guerrillas were characterised by the British as mere bandits or dacoits, many were former soldiers along with Buddhist monks. The extremely difficult nature of campaigning in the terrain and climate of Burma was not sufficiently appreciated by the War Office, who viewed the conflict as a ‘subaltern’s war’ and ‘police’ work. Intended regime change was also not accompanied by any consideration of the likely implications. Prolonged insurgency necessitated deploying a force far larger than originally intended; though order was finally secured by 1895, the campaign proved destructive of Burmese society while British recruitment of hill tribes into the police and armed forces sowed the seeds for future divisions.