【专题】美军破障行动的力量运用评析

在地面作战中,面对敌方设置的障碍如何组织破障力量实施开辟通路行动一直是各国军队面临的难题。美军作为信息化部队,在破障力量的作战实际应用上经验丰富。研究美军破障力量的组织编成以及战法运用,能够对军队以战领训,研透作战任务、作战对手及作战环境,加强使命课题专攻精练并有效管控危机,甚至可为军队未来遏制战争、打赢战争提供宝贵经验,具有极其重要的借鉴意义。本文通过研究美军2015条令战略及美军合成兵种营野战手册等文件,对美军破障力量的组织编成和战法运用进行了剖析解读。研究表明,美军在破障行动中主要遵循情报处理、破障行动基本点、破障行动组织、关键性集中及战场控制等五大原则,在战斗编组上主要是以支援队、破障队和突击队三个基本编组进行针对性组织,模块化程度非常高。     

Meaning of working and expectations: a research on professional soldier candidates in Turkey

Previous studies on the relationship between individual’s enlistment decisions and their personal characteristics examined a number of variables such as age, marital status, gender, family background, geographical background, employment situation and education level. However, attitudes towards working, expectations from a good job and centrality of working are also important determinants in this process. This paper examines the profile of juveniles who seek a career as gendarmerie non-commissioned officers (NCO) in the Turkish Armed Forces and their attitudes and expectations towards working in general within the framework of Meaning of Working (MOW) researches. According to the results of the survey conducted with 500 NCO candidates in Turkey, learning something new, good relations with colleagues and employment guarantee are detected as the main expectations of juveniles who seek a career in military. Results also show that having a job is so important for these young people that they consider having a job even prior to their families.     

The subversion of the Bulgarian defence system – the Russian way

Russia has long been pursuing an intended and calculated policy of keeping enough influence in Bulgaria in order to have control over national decisions. Together with the economic, energy, political and information tools used by Russia in its hybrid war against Bulgaria and in its bid to achieve an enduring “state capture,” defence is also a distinct target of Russian subversion now. A list of noticeable subversive actions with tangible effects can be summarised, ranging from fuelling division and manipulating public opinion, preventing the strengthening of the NATO position in the Black Sea, sabotaging defence reform to various options of subverting the modernisation of the Bulgarian Armed Forces and seeking new ways to keep legacy Soviet military equipment in operation as long as possible. This issue must be urgently addressed both nationally and in NATO.     

加强海防部队信息化建设

陆军海防部队是新型陆军的重要组成部分。军队规模结构和力量编成调整改革后,海防部队进行了全面整体重塑。海防部队信息化建设矛盾仍存在规划建设多元、装备相对滞后等问题。信息化建设应立足海防部队"岸岛海衔接、侦攻防一体"要求,尽快解决薄弱问题,加速推进向信息化、智能化海防转型发展。     

快速航天发射现状与建设

快速航天发射以其响应快、成本低等优势,能较好地满足军民商快速太空进入的需求。概述了快速航天发射军用牵引、商用助推的发展特点,分析了未来军民商领域对快速航天发射的新需求。归纳了快速航天发射的发展历程和发展模式,分析了美军太空军事演习对快速航天发射的促进作用。基于美国在快速进入太空的需求评估、技术发展、管理制度等方面取得的经验教训,探讨我国快速航天发射的主要制约因素。针对美国新太空战略威慑和太空霸权,为我国快速航天发射力量建设提出相应的发展建议。     

对生化恐怖袭击抢险救援的思考

消防部队担负着处置生化恐怖袭击事件的抢险救援任务。在分析生化灾害及处置生化灾害的特点的基础上 ,提出提高消防部队处置生化灾害综合能力的措施。     

新疆消防部队面临的反恐处突形势及其对策

简要介绍了新疆反恐怖、反民族分裂斗争的形势 ,总结分析了新疆消防部队参与反恐处突的主要战例及所发挥的作用 ,提出了消防部队参与反恐处突行动所面临的主要困难 ,指出了提高消防部队反恐处突能力的基本途径和主要对策。     

防空火力配系在敌机投弹线前的射击次数分析

防空兵对空作战的本质是在敌机投弹线或制导武器发射阵位线前击毁来袭敌机,这就要求防空火力在敌机投弹线或制导武器发射阵位线前有相当的射击次数以保证足够大的击毁概率。建立了防空火力配系对空袭兵器射击次数的模型,并分析提出了增加防空火力配系对空袭兵器射击次数的方法途径。     

论消防部队在抢险救援中的作用及发展趋势

从消防部队参与社会抢险救援的可行性分析入手,就抢险救援任务类型、模式、处置原则等对消防部队在救援中的影响及救援面临的具体问题进行分析,对消防部队在未来社会抢险救援中多元化的发展趋势进行探讨,并提出拓展消防部队社会应急救援功能的一些建议。     

消防部队处置突发事件思想政治工作探讨

各类突发事件的处置具有任务的突然性、时间的紧迫性、作战的连续性、影响的公共性等特征。对于消防部队而言,做好处置突发事件中的思想政治工作可以达到统一官兵思想、鼓舞官兵士气、树立良好形象的作用。在四川汶川大地震救援行动中,消防部队许多行之有效的思想政治工作方法具有显著的典型性。