金属风暴武器射速与命中概率关系研究

基于对超音速、高超声速导弹的防御需求,从研究未来空域窗发射体制入手,利用\"金属风暴\"武器所具有的超高射速能力,通过分析超高射频弹幕武器在对空防御过程中的作战效能,计算目标命中概率与武器射速之间的关系,从而提高了发射系统的作战效能.并对发射系统的配置提出了理论上的要求.     

表面官能化对碳纳米管/环氧复合材料玻璃化转变温度及韧性的影响

通过碳纳米管的不同表面官能化,构造其与环氧树脂的不同界面。采用动态机械性能分析研究不同表面官能化碳纳米管对环氧树脂复合材料玻璃化转变温度的影响;采用摆锤冲击试验研究环氧树脂复合材料的韧性。结果表明:与纯环氧树脂相比,氨基化碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变温度升高,而羧基化碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变温度反而有所下降;碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的冲击强度相比纯环氧树脂均提高了近一倍。复合材料性能的这些变化规律主要归因于不同表面官能化碳纳米管与环氧树脂基体间形成了不同的界面。     

具有射击门体制的武器系统射击延时分析

针对具有射击门体制的武器系统,研究其因加入射击门而产生的射击延时.藉助于概率转移阵的概念,定义了超速、欠速概率转移阵,导出了概率转移阵的估计式,给出了误差可小于期望值的射击延时分布函数,证明了该射击延时分布函数以及其可任意趋近的上界与下界均服从PH分布.最后,以试验数据验证了结论的可信性.     

Cu粉粒径及含量对Ni/MH电池负极放电性能的影响

为了提高Ni/MH电池中储氢电极的放电性能,以电解Cu粉为充填材料与活性物质混合制备电极,研究Cu粉粒径及含量对电极性能的影响。研究发现,Cu粉粒径越小,含量越高,电极的放电容量、高倍率放电性能、及在低温和高温下的放电能力均提高,且Cu充填电极的性能优于Ni充填电极。Cu充填电极中析氢反应的交换电流密度较大,过电势较小,说明其电催化活性好,电极反应阻力小。SEM分析发现,充放电循环后的Cu充填电极,其储氢合金颗粒表面覆盖着一层细小Cu颗粒和丝状物,这是电极性能提高的主要原因。     

Effect of welding processes and consumables on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade quenched and tempered steel joints

Quenched and Tempered (Q&T) steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. These steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in the heat affected zone (HAZ) after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. The use of stainless steel consumables for a non-stainless steel base metal is not economical. Hence, alternate consumables for welding Q&T steels and their vulnerability to HIC need to be explored. Recent studies proved that low hydrogen ferritic steel (LHF) consumables can be used to weld Q&T steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits. The use of ASS and LHF consumables will lead to distinct microstructures in their respective welds. This microstructural heterogeneity will have a drastic influence in the fatigue crack growth resistance of armour grade Q&T steel welds. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the influence of welding consumables and welding processes on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade Q&T Steel joints. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) were used for fabrication of joints using ASS and LHF consumables. The joints fabricated by SMAW process using LHF consumable exhibited superior fatigue crack growth resistance than all other joints.     

Political transition to democracy

This paper argues that the crisis of electoral democracy in Zimbabwe and Cote d'Ivoire is a result of underlying structural and institutional deficiencies within national and regional multinational institutions. It assesses the extent to which they have been ‘enablers’ or ‘spoilers’ of electoral-based transitions to democracy. Yet it avoids generalisations of the security sector's involvement in political transitions. In terms of structure, the paper is divided into four sections. Section one will briefly discuss the theoretical perspectives of the election-democracy trajectory. It argues that although elections are a major variable for democracy, unless the ‘ecology of elections’ is conducive, elections may not be an instrument of transition to democracy. The second section analyses the militarisation of politics and the role of the security sector in aiding or stalling democratisation. Section three will assess the role of regional organisations such as the Southern African Development Community, Economic Community of West African States and the African Union in electoral-based political transitions in Africa. Lastly, the paper will discuss how the security sector and multinational African institutions can aid political transitions to democracy in troubled African countries.     

高超声速飞行器中若干气动难题的实验研究

回顾了近几年本研究团队在高超声速飞行器若干气动难题方面的实验研究进展。在边界层转捩方面,测量了边界层转捩现象,研究了攻角效应对圆锥边界层转捩的影响,获得了边界层转捩的脉动特性以其对飞行器表面热流和摩阻的影响。在激波-边界层干扰方面,分析了突起物形状变化对流动特性的影响,研究了复杂外形的流动特性。     

功能化离子液体的合成表征及其作为润滑剂的性质

通过两步法合成了含酯基官能团的咪唑类离子液体1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,用核磁共振、红外光谱、元素分析对其进行了结构表征,证明了该合成方法的可靠性;对功能化离子液体的基本物化性质、熔点、热稳定性及其作为润滑剂的粘温性、蒸发损失、金属腐蚀性等进行了全面研究,并选择了含有相同烷基的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐传统离子液体进行对比,发现官能团的引入,使传统烷基咪唑类离子液体展现出不同的特性,同时发现两种离子液体均对金属表面有较强的腐蚀作用,为进一步开展功能化离子液体的摩擦学研究打下了基础。