Production scheduling with history‐dependent setup times

We consider a parallel‐machine scheduling problem with jobs that require setups. The duration of a setup does not depend only on the job just completed but on a number of preceding jobs. These setup times are referred to as history‐dependent. Such a scheduling problem is often encountered in the food processing industry as well as in other process industries. In our model, we consider two types of setup times—a regular setup time and a major setup time that becomes necessary after several “hard‐to‐clean” jobs have been processed on the same machine. We consider multiple objectives, including facility utilization, flexibility, number of major setups, and tardiness. We solve several special cases assuming predetermined job sequences and propose strongly polynomial time algorithms to determine the optimal timing of the major setups for given job sequences. We also extend our analysis to develop pseudopolynomial time algorithms for cases with additional objectives, including the total weighted completion time, the total weighted tardiness, and the weighted number of tardy jobs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

A misclassification cost‐minimizing evolutionary–neural classification approach

Machine learning algorithms that incorporate misclassification costs have recently received considerable attention. In this paper, we use the principles of evolution to develop and test an evolutionary/genetic algorithm (GA)‐based neural approach that incorporates asymmetric Type I and Type II error costs. Using simulated, real‐world medical and financial data sets, we compare the results of the proposed approach with other statistical, mathematical, and machine learning approaches, which include statistical linear discriminant analysis, back‐propagation artificial neural network, integrated cost preference‐based linear mathematical programming‐based minimize squared deviations, linear integrated cost preference‐based GA, decision trees (C 5.0, and CART), and inexpensive classification with expensive tests algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed approach incorporating asymmetric error costs results in equal or lower holdout sample misclassification cost when compared with the other statistical, mathematical, and machine learning misclassification cost‐minimizing approaches. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

Predicting intensive care unit bed occupancy for integrated operating room scheduling via neural networks

In a master surgery scheduling (MSS) problem, a hospital's operating room (OR) capacity is assigned to different medical specialties. This task is critical since the risk of assigning too much or too little OR time to a specialty is associated with overtime or deficit hours of the staff, deferral or delay of surgeries, and unsatisfied—or even endangered—patients. Most MSS approaches in the literature focus only on the OR while neglecting the impact on downstream units or reflect a simplified version of the real‐world situation. We present the first prediction model for the integrated OR scheduling problem based on machine learning. Our three‐step approach focuses on the intensive care unit (ICU) and reflects elective and urgent patients, inpatients and outpatients, and all possible paths through the hospital. We provide an empirical evaluation of our method with surgery data for Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, a German tertiary care hospital with 1700 beds. We show that our model outperforms a state‐of‐the‐art model by 43% in number of predicted beds. Our model can be used as supporting tool for hospital managers or incorporated in an optimization model. Eventually, we provide guidance to support hospital managers in scheduling surgeries more efficiently.     

基于改进核极限学习机和集成学习理论的目标机动轨迹预测

为了提高目标轨迹预测的精度以及预测模型的泛化能力,提出基于改进蝙蝠算法优化的核极限学习机(Kernel Extreme Learning Machine,KELM)和集成学习理论目标机动轨迹预测模型。构建KELM模型,并采用改进的蝙蝠算法对KELM的参数进行优化;以优化后的KELM神经网络为弱预测器,结合集成学习算法生成强预测器,通过训练不断优化强预测的结构和参数,得到一种基于集成学习理论的目标机动轨迹预测模型;基于不同规模的样本,将所得预测模型与逆传播神经网络、支持向量机和极限学习机等模型进行对比分析。仿真结果表明:所提目标机动轨迹预测模型具有较好的预测精度和泛化能力。     

Scheduling and lot streaming in two‐machine open shops with no‐wait in process

We study the problem of minimizing the makespan in no‐wait two‐machine open shops producing multiple products using lot streaming. In no‐wait open shop scheduling, sublot sizes are necessarily consistent; i.e., they remain the same over all machines. This intractable problem requires finding sublot sizes, a product sequence for each machine, and a machine sequence for each product. We develop a dynamic programming algorithm to generate all the dominant schedule profiles for each product that are required to formulate the open shop problem as a generalized traveling salesman problem. This problem is equivalent to a classical traveling salesman problem with a pseudopolynomial number of cities. We develop and test a computationally efficient heuristic for the open shop problem. Our results indicate that solutions can quickly be found for two machine open shops with up to 50 products. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

基于LabVIEW的电机数据采集系统

介绍了基于LabVIEW的电机数据采集系统的硬件组成和软件设计,提出了在LabVIEW下高速连续采集及存盘技术的实现方法,以及自动搜索基波频率的谐波分析方法,还分析了循环采样方式造成的各采样通道之间的相对相位误差产生的原因,提出采用分组采样方式减小这种误差,并给出了部分程序.最后给出了部分试验结果,证明所提方法的正确性.     

基于支持向量机的武器系统研制项目评估分析

对常规评估方法和支持向量机模型用于武器系统研制项目评估进行了分析和比较,着重分析了应用支持向量机进行武器系统研制项目重要度评估的具体形式以及方法特点,通过实例进行了分析验证,取得了满意的结果.     

模糊超球支持向量机

提出了模糊超球支持向量机算法。首先根据样本分布特性将样本空间划分成有限个超球子空间,超球半径经归一化处理后作为各球心样本点的模糊属性值,超球球心组成新的训练样本集,在构造决策超平面的过程中对应不同模糊属性值的各输入样本增加了不同训练权重。仿真实验结果表明:该算法减少了训练样本数,有利于提高支持向量机的训练速度和测试速度,有效地防止了训练样本中噪声点对训练结果的负面影响。     

“电机统一理论”在电机控制中的作用

直流电机在恒速时其电压方程为常系数的线性微分方程,在电机控制中能进行快速的转矩和磁通控制。而异步电机是一个多变量、强耦合、非线性的时变参数系统,很难直接通过外加信号准确控制电磁转矩。但若以转子磁通这一旋转的空间矢量为参考坐标,应用"电机统一理论",利用从静止坐标系到旋转坐标系之间的变换,则可以把定子电流中的励磁电流分量与转矩电流分量变成标量独立开来,进行分别控制。这样,通过坐标变换重建的电机模型就可等效为一台直流电机,从而可像直流电机那样进行快速的转矩和磁通控制,给电机控制系统带来新的契机。     

复杂结构的轴类零件弯曲刚度 CAD

内锥孔、外锥台同时存在的轴在航空机械中得到广泛地应用 ,但机械设计手册上未对这一情况给出具体地解决方法。本文讨论了用计算机对轴类零件进行弯曲刚度计算时应解决的问题 ,给出了内锥孔、外锥台同时存在的轴刚度计算的解决方法 ,并用ADS开发工具在AutoCAD开发环境下付诸实践。