A Good Ally - Norway and International Statebuilding in Afghanistan, 2001-2014

The article examines the findings of the Commission of Inquiry established by the Norwegian government in 2014 to evaluate all aspects of Norway’s civilian and military contribution to the international operation in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. Concerned with the wider implications of the Commission’s findings, it focuses on two issues in particular: (1) Norway’s relations with the US, a close and long-standing strategic ally whose resources, capabilities and dominance of decision-making dwarfed that of all other coalition partners in Afghanistan; and (2) Norway’s record in the province of Faryab, where, from 2005 to 2012, a Norwegian-led Provincial Reconstruction Team was charged with bringing security, good governance and development to the province. How Norway prioritised and managed relations with the US highlights and helps to problematise the challenges – political, practical and moral – facing small and medium-sized powers operating in a coalition alongside the US. Norwegian efforts in Faryab are revealing of the dilemmas and contradictions that plagued and, ultimately, fatally undermined the international intervention as a whole. As such, Norway’s experience provides a microcosm through which the inherent limitations of the attempt to transfer the structures of modern statehood and Western democracy to Afghanistan can be better understood.     

A Question of ‘Government’ Control: Afghanistan DDR Programs Since 2001

Since the fall of the Taliban in late 2001, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA), the United States, the United Nations, and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have funded and led three different Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programs. Despite a significant investment in time and treasure, all of them have failed to significantly reduce the number of insurgents or arbaki (militia). This article explores why these programs failed despite incorporating ideas from the prominent DDR schools of thought. Utilizing Stathis Kalyvas’ theory of The Logic of Violence in Civil War as a lens, this article argues that GIRoA and ISAF did not have sufficient control of territory to entice insurgents or arbaki to reconcile and/or reintegrate with the government. Further, in areas GIRoA nominally controlled in northern and western Afghanistan, regional powerbrokers who controlled these areas balked at these programs.     

碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料修复性能

为了得到碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料最佳修复效果,采用碳纤维/环氧复合材料和环氧胶膜作为修复材料,对带Φ15 mm和Φ5 mm预制孔碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料进行单面贴补、双面贴补和单面阶梯挖补修复。研究了补片长度、厚度和铺层顺序对修复效果的影响,并结合修复试样的拉伸断裂模式,优化了修复参数。结果表明:补片边缘母板中存在的应力集中和厚度方向拉伸应力是导致母板断裂的关键原因;双面贴补修复试样拉伸强度能恢复到完好试样的90%以上,单面贴补和阶梯挖补修复试样拉伸强度能恢复到完好试样的80%以上。     

生命哲学视角下西部高校教师职业幸福感研究

幸福是人生追求的永恒主题,在以人为本的理念下,高等教育更为关注人的生命,人的生命存在方式。面对信息相对闭塞、生活环境相对恶劣、管理体制相对落后等无奈状况,西部高校教师职业幸福感如何？对于该问题的研究有利于促进教师心理健康发展,提升教师幸福感,提高教育教学质量。研究发现西部高校教师职业感受以不幸福为主;幸福感来源单一,主要来自于学生的行为表现;导致不幸福感的因素主要以压力大、学生问题、缺乏认可等因素为主。研究从生命哲学视角出发认为高校教师存在的应然意义在于“诗意栖息”,但实然状况下高校教师的“诗意存在”被现实消解,“创造性地栖息”、“精神相遇地栖息”是冲破藩篱、回归“诗意居住”幸福生活的路径。     

新疆兵团中小学双语教育质量调查及对策研究--以兵团第三师为例

双语教育质量是兵团民族教育的关键,直接影响高素质少数民族人才的培养。本文在深入调查的基础上,研究兵团中小学双语教育质量及其现状,通过对影响双语教育质量的各个因素进行分析,总结双语教育中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出加强校本培训和师资队伍建设,完善双语教材及考核评价体系等对策。     

碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料频率选择表面的电磁传输特性

为了避免采用金属频率选择表面制备的天线罩中存在的热残余应力和弱黏接界面等问题,采用与聚合物基复合材料罩壁结构相容性好的碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料制备频率选择表面,利用自由空间法对试样的电磁传输性能进行测试,并采用数值分析模型对碳纤维复合材料频率选择表面的电磁传输机制和电磁传输影响因子进行分析。结果表明:碳纤维复合材料频率选择表面具有频率选择功能,但谐振频率处的电磁传输损耗较大;通过改变复合材料频率选择表面的单元缝隙率、厚度、电导率以及介电常数可以实现对其电磁传输性能的调节。     

大学英语分级教学模式下的学习策略培养

大学英语分级教学模式下对学生的学习策略培养非常重要。教师在整个教学过程当中,要研究和掌握学生的语言学习习得过程,研究其学习特点,认知风格,心理特征,加强对学生学习策略的培养和指导,帮助学生积极参与、探索、建构和使用学习策略,为学生掌握学习策略提供条件与平台,使学生自觉运用学习策略自我管理、自我调控、自我评估学习过程和学习效果,不断提高自主学习的能力。     

以“贴近纳新”理念改进 任职教育军事专业课教法的几点思考

深化以任职教育为主体的教学方法改革,是顺应当前武警部队职能任务多样化的必然要求。任职教育适应岗位任职能力的需要必须注重加强军事专业课教学方法的改革与探索。“贴近纳新”把贴近职能需要纳入教学理念、贴近任职实际纳入组教模式、贴近岗位实用纳入课题施教为着眼点,旨在适应任职教育岗位任职能力培养的需要。     

新疆高校开拓中亚教育市场的SWOT分析与战略选择

本文运用SWOT分析方法对新疆高校开发中亚教育市场中面临的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁四个方面进行了全面分析。新疆留学生教育的发展,优势与劣势并存、机会与威胁同在,关键是如何充分利用优势、消除劣势。并借助SWOT模型中的不同战略组合提出了新疆开发中亚留学市场的的LCVP战略选择方式,为发展新疆留学生教育提供了依据。     

Analytic solution for the nucleolus of a three‐player cooperative game

The nucleolus solution for cooperative games in characteristic function form is usually computed numerically by solving a sequence of linear programing (LP) problems, or by solving a single, but very large‐scale, LP problem. This article proposes an algebraic method to compute the nucleolus solution analytically (i.e., in closed‐form) for a three‐player cooperative game in characteristic function form. We first consider cooperative games with empty core and derive a formula to compute the nucleolus solution. Next, we examine cooperative games with nonempty core and calculate the nucleolus solution analytically for five possible cases arising from the relationship among the value functions of different coalitions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010