Reforming China’s defense industry

ABSTRACT

Even with sizable economic inputs, access to foreign technologies, and considerable political will, China, up until the late 1990s, experienced only limited success when it came to the local design, development, and manufacture of advanced conventional weapons. Not surprisingly, therefore, reforming the local defense industry in order to upgrade its technology base and manufacturing capabilities and to make armaments production more efficient and cost-effective has long preoccupied the Chinese leadership. The fact that most of these efforts had little positive impact on the country’s military technological and industrial capabilities only encouraged Beijing to experiment with additional reforms in the hopes of finally getting it right.     

Swedish–Finnish naval cooperation in the Baltic Sea: motives,prospects and challenges

Recently, Finland and Sweden decided to substantially deepen their defence cooperation and this project involves creating a bilateral standing Naval Task Group (SFNTG). The present article aims at examining the deepening naval cooperation between Finland and Sweden from a regional integration perspective, focusing on its motives, current challenges and future prospects. Driven by perceptions of common challenges and desires for cost-effectiveness, and strengthened by recent successes on sea surveillance and a combined Amphibious Task Unit, the bilateral project has considerable potential to achieve success. To fulfil its objectives, substantial legal changes in both countries are required to allow the use of force on each other’s territorial waters. To cater for the requirement of not conflicting with EU, NORDEFCO or NATO cooperations, the bilateral Task Group must operate according to NATO standards and by using English as the language in command and control. The costs of adjusting the naval units to NATO’s technical requirements are far from negligible and this issue still remains to be solved. If Finland and Sweden manage to incorporate new policies, common structures and common organisational norms among their navies, an even deeper integration, as in Belgium and the Netherlands, are conceivable.     

Defence budgets in the post-Cold War era: a spatial econometrics approach

This paper examines the determinants of national defence budgets in the post-Cold War era employing a spatial econometric framework. Using data for 124 countries over a 16-year time period, I examine spatial relationships in defence spending to investigate how countries account for the military spending of other countries when setting their budgets. Using specially developed weighting matrices, the regression results indicate that defence budgets are positively spatially correlated. These results provide support for the use of ‘external’ factors when examining defence budgets over this time period. The importance of a country’s spatial location when setting its budget is further examined through the identification of regions of high and low defence spending.     

Newsvendor bounds and heuristics for serial supply chains with regular and expedited shipping

We study an infinite‐horizon, N‐stage, serial production/inventory system with two transportation modes between stages: regular shipping and expedited shipping. The optimal inventory policy for this system is a top–down echelon base‐stock policy, which can be computed through minimizing 2N nested convex functions recursively (Lawson and Porteus, Oper Res 48 (2000), 878–893). In this article, we first present some structural properties and comparative statics for the parameters of the optimal inventory policies, we then derive simple, newsvendor‐type lower and upper bounds for the optimal control parameters. These results are used to develop near optimal heuristic solutions for the echelon base‐stock policies. Numerical studies show that the heuristic performs well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

GSEIB 软件工程信息库图形规范子系统的设计与实现

软件信息库是集成化软件工程环境的核心。本文给出了一种图形化的软件过程与产品（ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓａｎｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ）规范语言及其支撑环境的设计与实现。采用这种规范语言可对给定的软件开发项目进行规划,据此自动产生定做的软件信息库,从而真正反映和支持该软件工程项目的开发。     

一种联机手写汉字识别方法

本文给出了一种基于动态汉字基元获取笔段有序序列的联机手写汉字识别方法。该方法对汉字书写笔顺无任何限制,对手写汉字变形有很好的适应能力。经测试,基于本方法研制的联机手写汉字识别系统的识别率为９７．１％．     

计算机辅助动画系统 (GKDCAS)

GKDCAS是一个基于微型计算机环境,使用C语言设计的一个实用动画制作系统。本文阐述了GKDCAS的软件结构与设计方法,介绍了它的功能,并给出了一个用该系统制作动画的实例。     

知识库推理和维护系统 (KBIMS)

赋予知识库自动推理和维护功能,从而使知识库有效和实用,是知识库面临的关键问题。本文提出了一程基于缺言推理的知识库自动推理和维护方法,并介绍了根据此方法,在VAX—Ⅰ/780上使用GKD—Prolog 作为工具实现的一个知识库推理和维护系统。     

知识库调试工具的技术原理与设计思想

知识库调试工具旨在解决因知识不完全和噪音等因素而引起的知识库正确性与有效性问题。本文通过知识库建造工具GKD-KBST 中知识库调试工具KBDT 实现方案的讨论,论述知识库调试工具的技术原理与设计思想。     

某型舰炮故障诊断知识库的建立

本文运用层次模块化构成模型及故障诊断模型的建造方法,提出了建立某型舰炮故障诊断知识库的方法,对构造诊断知识库的六种规则举例予以了说明.