基于水下地形匹配的捷联系统误差估计方法

潜器进入匹配区时捷联系统已积累了一定的误差,有效利用匹配信息对误差进行修正是保证后续航行精度的基础;通过建立水下地形匹配辅助导航系统误差模型,以地形匹配模块和深度压力传感器测量的位置信息和深度作为量测量,设计了卡尔曼滤波器。仿真研究证明:所设计的滤波器具有良好的估计精度;同时,通过设计潜器航行动作证明了相关误差量的估计效果与潜器运动激励有关,为匹配区内进行误差估计时潜器所采用的运动状态提供了参考。     

基于角速率输入的圆锥误差补偿算法

针对光纤陀螺姿态测量系统中利用角速率拟合角增量进行圆锥误差补偿精度下降的问题,在陀螺仪角速率输入下,采用参数解析法优化的三子样算法,直接利用陀螺的角速率输出进行圆锥误差补偿。同时考虑工程实际中滤波器的影响,推导滤波角速率输入下三子样误差补偿算法的具体表达形式。仿真分析表明：参数解析法优化的角速率输入圆锥误差补偿算法优于传统算法;而针对滤波器引入的不可忽略的算法误差,可通过修正圆锥算法系数进行补偿。     

激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工工程陶瓷的试验研究

为验证激光加热辅助技术改善引弧微爆炸加工质量和提高加工效率的可行性,探索加工工艺参数对加工过程的影响规律,设计了激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工试验系统,并通过试验研究了工艺参数对材料去除率和崩碎的影响规律。试验结果表明：激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工陶瓷可以提高材料去除率,改善崩碎情况;加工效率随激光功率的增加而提高,随光斑尺寸的增大而降低,随距离的增加先提高后降低;崩碎随激光功率的增加而减少,随光斑尺寸的增大先减少后增多,随距离的增加先减少后增多。研究结果为激光加热辅助引弧微爆炸加工机理的研究和工艺参数的优化提供了参考依据。     

空地通信信道模拟器的研究与设计

空地通信信道仿真是通信系统仿真的一个重要方面。在研究接收信号包络分布和多普勒功率谱的基础上,综合分析路径损耗、信道时延、多径衰落和信道噪声对信道的影响,针对静止信道和移动信道,分别提出了信道模拟器的设计方案,并通过计算机仿真验证了设计方案的可行性和合理性。     

平行度动态测量的新方法

平行度测量是舰船设备系统标校的前提,传统的平行度测量方法需要依赖"星"或"标"的配合,由于舰船所在位置的限制,可能不具备设置"星"或"标"的条件,利用夜空的星星也很受限。为克服环境条件对标校的限制,可以采用角速率陀螺作为传感器动态测量指向设备的平行度,推出了计算俯仰和旋回零位误差的公式,并对器件误差的影响进行了估算,计算结果说明现有的角速率陀螺器件的精度能满足本测量方法的需求。该研究成果可在舰船设备系统标校中运用,以克服传统方法依赖外界条件的难题。     

Double Mover–Stayer model on customer switching in telecommunications industry

Customer acquisition and customer retention are the most important challenges in the increasingly competitive telecommunications industry. Traditional studies of customer switching always assume that customers are homogeneous, and thus that model customer switching behavior follows a Markov formulation. However, this postulation is obviously inappropriate in most instances. Blumen et al. (Cornell Studies of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1955) developed the Mover–Stayer (MS) model, a generalization of the Markov chain model, to relax the requirement of homogeneity and allow the presence of heterogeneity with two different types of individuals—“stayers,” who purchase the same kinds of products or services throughout the entire observation period; and “movers,” who look for variety in products or services over time. There are two purpose of this article. First, we extend the MS model to a Double Mover‐Stayer (DMS) model by assuming the existence of three types of individuals in the market: (1) stable and loyal customers, who have stable usage within the same company; (2) instable but loyal customers, whose usage varies within the same company over time; and (3) disloyal customers, who switch from one company to another to seek for new experiences or/and benefits. We also propose an estimation method for the DMS model. Second, we apply the DMS model to telecommunications data and demonstrate how it can be used for pattern identification, hidden knowledge discovery, and decision making. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

Stein–Chen approximation and error bounds for order fill rates in assemble‐to‐order systems

Assemble‐to‐order (ATO) is an important operational strategy for manufacturing firms to achieve quick response to customer orders while keeping low finished good inventories. This strategy has been successfully used not only by manufacturers (e.g., Dell, IBM) but also by retailers (e.g., Amazon.com). The evaluation of order‐based performance is known to be an important but difficult task, and the existing literature has been mainly focused on stochastic comparison to obtain performance bounds. In this article, we develop an extremely simple Stein–Chen approximation as well as its error‐bound for order‐based fill rate for a multiproduct multicomponent ATO system with random leadtimes to replenish components. This approximation gives an expression for order‐based fill rate in terms of component‐based fill rates. The approximation has the property that the higher the component replenishment leadtime variability, the smaller the error bound. The result allows an operations manager to analyze the improvement in order‐based fill rates when the base‐stock level for any component changes. Numerical studies demonstrate that the approximation performs well, especially when the demand processes of different components are highly correlated; when the components have high base‐stock levels; or when the component replenishment leadtimes have high variability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

空间非平稳高斯噪声背景下混合信号的DOA估计

针对空间非平稳高斯噪声背景下混合信号的DOA估计问题,提出了基于四阶累积量对混合波源的DOA估计算法。该算法首先构造四阶累积量矩阵,利用类似ESPR IT方法估计出所有非相关信源的DOA,然后对四阶累积量进行修正空间差分平滑去相干,消除非相关源和空间非平稳高斯噪声的影响,从而实现了对相干源的DOA估计。此方法通过分别估计非相关和相关或者相干信号的DOA,能够以较少的阵元实现对多个信号DOA估计,最后仿真实验也验证该算法的有效性。     

潜艇对声纳浮标阵定位及规避策略

航空反潜战中,潜艇处于不利地位,如何提高潜艇对抗反潜机的作战能力,是亟待解决的问题。分析了潜艇通过拖曳综合浮标和电子支援措施Electronic Support Measure(ESM)设备对声纳浮标阵进行估计定位的单站双址交叉测向和基于方位角变化率的方法,以及潜艇方位角、角速率和航速对定位误差的影响。建立了潜艇对声纳浮标位置估计模型,提出了潜艇突破声纳浮标阵封锁应采用的规避策略。结果表明,潜艇可以对声纳浮标进行定位,为潜艇规避声纳浮标阵提供参考。     

多源信息的验前分布融合方法研究

验前分布的获取和表示是B ayes理论应用中的一个关键问题。针对目前多源验前信息融合中存在的过分依赖专家信息的问题,提出了一种基于第2类极大似然估计原理(M L-II)确定验前分布权重的方法,该方法将现场试验数据看作是由其边缘分布产生的样本,然后根据不同验前分布下现场样本似然性的大小来确定其在验前分布融合中的作用,并以此进一步确定不同验前分布的权重因子。最后通过算例证明了该方法比基于专家信息的融合方法更为合理和有效。