常规潜艇废气涡轮增压柴油机排气冷却消声器的功用分析

本文分析了德国ＭＴＵ３９６ＳＢ８３和ＭＴＵ３９６ＳＥ８４两型潜用废气涡轮增压柴油机的排气冷却消声器的功用。作者认为,该排气冷却消声器的功用不仅仅是削减排气（空气）噪声,降低废气温度和减少废气向舱室内部的传热,更重要的是为了减少常规潜艇通气管状态柴油机水下排气所激起的水噪声和为了改善废气涡轮增压柴油机通气管状态高背压时的启动性能和变背压时的工作稳定性。文中还分析了该排气冷却消声器的其它一些功用。这些分析对发展我国潜用柴油机技术及常规潜艇采用废气涡轮增压技术有一定的指导意义。     

科技大楼工程中的绿色空调系统设计与选型

绿色建筑中如何实现环保标准,保证所用设备对环境无污染,噪声小,可持续 发展等特点是当前的重要课题。主要针对燃气空调系统的设计与应用进行了探析,阐述了 燃气空调的制冷原理以及单、双效吸收式制冷等技术发展路线;论述了燃气制冷技术与传统 电制冷技术比较的优势及环保特点;结合后勤工程学院科技大楼绿色空调系统设计与选型 的工程实例,从绿色环保、能源、可持续发展、费用估算等方面进行了分析,并对该燃气空调 的实际应用效果进行了总结。     

ENERGY FOR SECURITY:

Though North Korea agreed to partial denuclearization in February 2007, achieving that goal is at best a long way off. A natural gas pipeline linking all of Northeast Asia and promising energy and economic help could help convince the isolated nation to step away from its nuclear programs entirely; it could also provide the nonproliferation and energy security benefits that have eluded the region for so long. These economic benefits could motivate the other nations involved in the six-party talks to deal with North Korea more than if only nuclear reactors were offered.     

Asbestos in the collection of the Royal Armouries and the conservation of a First World War German gasmask

In March 2015, in order to comply with Health and Safety Regulations, the Royal Armouries contracted an external company to carry out an asbestos audit. This article looks at what that audit entailed and also how a gasmask suspected of containing asbestos, was made safe in order to conserve and display it.     

Effects of Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions on reignition characteristics of base bleed propellants and heating mechanism

The effects of magnesium/polytetrafluoroethylene (Mg/PTFE) pyrotechnic compositions on the coupled flow field and reignition mechanism are important aspects governing the performance and range of base bleed projectiles (BBPs).Owing to a decrease in pressure and temperature when the BBP leaves the muzzle,rapid depressurization occurs,which extinguishes the base bleed propellant.The Mg/PTFE py-rotechnic composition pressed in the igniter of the base bleed unit (BBU) provides additional energy to the BBU via a chemical reaction.Thus,the extinguished base bleed propellant is reignited under the effect of high-temperature combustion gas jets from the igniter.In this study,a numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of PTFE and Mg granularity as well as Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compo-sitions.Owing to the rapid depressurization,the temperature and pressure was found to decrease for different Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions.However,the depressurization time increased as the PTFE granularity increased,the Mg granularity decreased,and the Mg content increased.When the pressure in the combustion chamber of the BBU decreased to the atmospheric pressure,the combustion gas jets from the igniter expand upstream (rather than downstream).However,these combustion gas jets exhibit different axial and radial expansion characteristics depending on the pyrotechnic compositions used.The results show that the reignition delay time,td,of the base bleed propellant was 377.608,94.27,387.243,523.966,and 221.094 ms for cases A-E,respectively.Therefore,it was concluded that the Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic composition of case B was the most beneficial for the reignition of the base bleed propellant,with the earliest addition of energy and mass to the BBP.     

基于不同叶片数目比的烟气涡轮多叶片通道数值模拟

基于定常假设,利用混合平面模型传递级间参数,运用Fluent软件对不同静动叶片数目比下的烟气涡轮多叶片通道流场进行了数值计算,得到了温度、压力、出口速度和马赫数等参数的变化规律,绘制了不同静动叶片数目比下各种参数的体积加权平均XY图,并通过数值分析确定了静动叶片最佳数目比为50∶74,最佳静叶安装角为35°。结果表明:叶片数目增减和静叶安装角的变化对烟气涡轮整体性能的影响须考虑多种因素,并不能以单一参数的变化来决定最佳叶片数目和静叶安装角。该结论可为烟气涡轮现有装备的科学管理和技术改进提供理论依据。     

网络层次分析法在光电防护战斗效能评估中的应用

依据浮空器浮重平衡特性以及理想气体状态方程,探索了一种气体混充控制浮空器平飞高度的定高方式,并对浮空器气体混充定高技术进行了总体设计研究。考虑到热力学特性对于浮空器上升过程和平飞过程的重要性,结合工程热力学中混充气体的热物性能,以超压气球作为研究对象,分析球体上升和平飞过程中的热环境,并与动力学模型进行耦合。在此基础上,对混充气球上升及平飞过程进行力学仿真,得到气球上升过程中高度、速度、气体温度以及压强的变化,验证了浮空器混充定高技术的可行性,为后续浮空器飞行试验提供指导。     

主元分析法和模糊积分的航空发动机气路状态监测

航空发动机是一个大系统,由于结构复杂、工作条件恶劣等因素影响,对其进行有效地健康状态监测成为航空领域长期难以解决的关键技术之一。为有效监测航空发动机健康状态,以航空发动机气路系统为例,提出一种基于主元分析和模糊积分的航空发动机状态监测方法。首先,利用主元分析法提取发动机状态样本集的主元,对样本数据进行降维,实现样本的最优压缩。其次,利用BP神经网络和Elman神经网络对发动机状态信息的特征向量进行初步状态监测。最后,利用模糊积分对采用两种神经网络的初步监测结果进行决策层融合,从而有效地实现对航空发动机气路系统的状态监测。通过某型真实航空发动机验证表明,所提出基于主元分析和模糊积分的状态监测方法,能有效提高监测的准确度,满足航空发动机状态监测的实时性要求,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

黄葛增压站噪声治理工艺措施

为解决黄葛增压站内4台室外整体式天然气压缩机组造成的噪声污染问题,结合生产运行要求、周边环境状况、噪声源分布及噪声特性,综合吸声、隔声、消声、阻尼减振、通风和泄压等技术,采用半密闭式降噪厂房和阻抗复合排气消声器等治理措施。治理后厂界噪声从64.2～72.1 dB(A)降至49.7～55.0 dB(A),距厂房最近厂界25 Hz声压值从97.9 dB降至84.2 dB,排气消声器出口噪声从84.3 dB(A)降至72.6 dB(A)且25Hz声压值从124.7 dB降至97 dB。厂界噪声达到GB 12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》3类要求,中、低频噪声强度减弱,解决了厂界噪声超标和噪声扰民问题。同时,为整体式天然气压缩机组噪声治理开辟了一条新途径,为日后降噪厂房和阻抗复合排气消声器广泛应用奠定了实践基础,为压缩机组噪声治理设计积累了宝贵经验。     

某型号燃气发生器故障的仿真再现

为对某次失败的火箭发射过程进行故障分析,本文对可能的故障情况进行了数值仿真研究.根据飞行过程的故障现象及箭载测量数据分析了可能的故障原因,并根据燃气发生器的特点对该燃烧室内雾化、燃烧过程进行了数学建模和数值仿真.根据可能的故障情况进行了逐一的数值仿真和结果分析,并与有限的箭载数据进行了对比.结果表明:采用该数学模型能够很好地对火箭发射过程中的故障进行再现;该型号的燃气发生器存在一定的设计缺陷,需要进行设计优化;扰流环倾斜是此次飞行最有可能的故障情况.