飞行器层板式前缘热管防热结构等效热分析

针对高超声速飞行器前缘尖锐部件所面临的严重气动热,提出层板式前缘热管防热结构。为避免前缘热管内复杂的两相传热传质计算,对高温热管蒸汽腔的传热进行了等效导热分析,讨论了蒸汽腔的等效导热系数的计算方法,与常规高温热管试验对比验证了计算方法的准确性。对该结构热防护效果的计算表明,当飞行器在34 km高度以7Ma速度飞行时,以IN718为管壁材料、Na为工质的层板式热管对头部半径为15 mm的前缘结构具有良好的热防护效果。     

集热罩对喷头启动时间影响的数值模拟研究

通过分析大空间场所的特点,并选择FDS软件作为研究工具分别对集热罩边长为200、400、600、800mm;边缘厚度为40、50、60mm;喷头距火源的垂直高度为6、7、8、9m;喷头在火源正上方以及与火源的水平间距为2.2m时喷水灭火系统喷头启动时间进行模拟,通过对比分析集热罩对大空间场所中喷头的作用效果,为集热罩的设计提供指导。     

Na_2SO_4·10H_2O相变过程及其相变潜热的计算

利用CDR-34P差动热分析仪测试Na2SO4·10H2O相变前后的热效应,结合Na2SO4-H2O体系的二元相图,分析相变前后热效应的来源及体系相态、组分的变化;提出无机水合盐相变潜热除来源结晶水脱离外还包括固相物质溶解、溶液浓度梯度变化的热效应的观点;根据上述相变过程计算Na2SO4·10H2O相变潜热,误差仅为2%.     

矩形腔内接触熔化的实验研究

对矩形腔内相变材料的接触熔化过程进行了实验研究,观测记录了熔化现象和规律,并进行了分析,给出一些有益的结论.     

Hazard evaluation of ignition sensitivity and explosion severity for three typical MH2 (M＝Mg,Ti, Zr) of energetic materials

MgH2, TiH2, and ZrH2 are three typical metal hydrides that have been gradually applied to composite explosives and propellants as additives in recent years. To evaluate ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, the Hartmann device and spherical pressure vessel were used to test ignition energy and ex-plosion pressure, respectively. The results showed that the ignition sensitivity of ZrH2, TiH2 and MgH2 gradually increased. When the concentration of MgH2 is 83.0 g/m3 in Hartmann device, the ignition energy attained a minimum of 10.0 mJ. The explosion pressure of MgH2 were 1.44 times and 1.76 times that of TiH2 and ZrH2, respectively, and the explosion pressure rising rate were 3.97 times and 9.96 times that of TiH2 and ZrH2, respectively, through the spherical pressure vessel. It indicated that the reaction reactivity and reaction rate of MgH2 were higher than that of TiH2 and ZrH2. In addition, to conduct in-depth theoretical analysis of ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, gas production and combus-tion heat per unit mass of ZrH2, TiH2 and MgH2 were tested by mercury manometer and oxygen bomb calorimetry. The experimental results revealed that MgH2 had a relatively high gas production per unit mass (5.15 mL/g), while TiH2 and ZrH2 both had a gas production of less than 2.0 mL/g. Their thermal stability gradually increased, leading to a gradual increase in ignition energy. Furthermore, compared with theoretical combustion heat, the combustion ratio of MgH2, TiH2 and ZrH2 was more than 96.0%, with combustion heat value of 29.96, 20.94 and 12.22 MJ/kg, respectively, which was consistent with the explosion pressure and explosion severity test results.     

核反应堆最小烧毁比计算的新方法

用传统算法求得最小烧毁比的值总是大于实际值,使计算结果偏于危险.根据实验测量的实际情况提出了一个新的算法,克服了上述缺点,这对反应堆热工设计与安全分析都有重要的意义.     

Study of simple plane wave generator with an air-metal barrier

Plane wave generators (PWGs) are used to accelerate flyer plates to high velocities with their generated plane waves, which are widely used in the test of dynamic properties of materials. The traditional PWG is composed of two explosives with different detonation velocities. It is difficult to implement the related fabrication processes and control the generated waves due to its complicated structures. A simple plane wave generator is presented in this paper, which is composed of two identical cylindrical high explosive (HE) charges and an air-metal barrier. A theoretical model was established based on two different paths of the propagation of detonation waves, based on which the size of air-metal barrier was calculated for a given charge. The corresponding numerical simulations were also carried out by AUTODYN-2D^® based on the calculated results, which were used to compare with the theoretical calculations. A detonation wave with a flatness of 0.039 μs within the range of 70-percent diameter of the main charge was obtained through the simulations.     

地下停车库火灾风险分析

分析了地下停车库的火灾特点,并从停车库的火灾规模、发生轰燃的烟气条件、释放辐射热的大小、相邻汽车被引燃的临界条件和自动喷水系统的动作时间等几方面对停车库潜在的火灾危险性进行了探讨。以某地下一层停车库为例,对其火灾风险进行了具体评价。     

利用添加剂改善高原热水采暖性能的研究

通过对高海拔、高寒地区采暖系统现状及存在问题的分析,拟利用添加剂改善常规的热媒水,增大采暖热媒平均温度,进而提高散热器的传热系数及散热量。并通过试验台分别对两种流体热媒的采暖系统表面对流换热系数及散热量进行实测研究。结果表明采用新热媒比以普通水为热媒时,散热器表面对流换热系数提高的平均值约为8．28％,单位面积散热量增加的平均值约为45．71％,取得了理想的效果。     

管道热边界层减阻理论的应用研究

全面研究了高粘性液体管道流动的热边界层减阻理论的应用。利用管道热边界层理论中关于边界层的温度分布及层流、紊流时热边界层厚度的计算表达式,推证了管壁热流量及定性温度的计算表达式,利用指数型的粘温特性方程,采用积分方法推出了管道热边界层流动中层流和紊流摩擦水头损失的计算公式,并给出了设计应用实例。计算结果表明,对于高粘液体短管输送,其流动一般均为边界层入口段,热边界层减阻的最佳范围大致是管长L≤5km,管径D≤200mm。