Remaking the military industrial relationship: A French‐American comparison

Defense industrial complexes in leading Cold War nations have downsized and reallocated resources to other productive activities in the 1990s. In this paper, we analyze the experience of two key countries ‐ the US and France. Comparing the two countries, we find similar outcomes in budgetary retrenchment and large firm restructuring but marked differences in the pace of downsizing and diversification among small and medium‐sized firms. We hypothesize that three sets of contextual differences may explain these differences: 1) institutional differences in the way that the State bureaucracies ‐ the Pentagon and the French Délégation générale pour l'armement (DGA) ‐ oversee defense industrial matters, 2) differences in military industry ownership and firm size patterns, and 3) differences in the regional distribution of defense industrial capacity and associated regional policies. In closing, we note that the two countries’ defense industrial complexes are becoming more alike and speculate on the significance of invidious competition and interactions between them. We address briefly the future of French/American arms industrial competition and cooperation, given the trend towards transnational security arrangements and defense industry globalization     

Notes on Cataneo's Scale,Some Gunners' Daggers and a Gunners' Rule

Abstract

Cataneo's scale, published in 1571, relates the weight of shot to the internal muzzle diameter of guns ranging between 0.04–0.21 m. Plots of calculated shot density versus muzzle diameter suggest that diameters of 0.10 m and above apply to iron shot and those below apply to lead and lead/iron composite shot. Similar plots are used to compare Cataneo's scale with other contemporary scales and with scales engraved on the blades of five Italian gunners' daggers dating to around 1650. Variations and errors in the daggers' scales might suggest a symbolic rather than a practical role; nevertheless there is remarkable consistency with Cataneo's scale in the shape of the plots in spite of the considerable length of time after its publication. A simple wooden scale from the Spanish Armada ship La Trinidad Valencera also confirms to Cataneo's general pattern although there appears to be a fundamental error in its mathematical construction.     

界面热阻对金刚石/银复合材料导热率的影响

研究了金刚石／银复合材料的导热率与金刚石的含量、粒度等之间的关系,着重讨论了界面热阻对复合材料导热率的影响。并阐述了金刚石表面镀钛,能有效改善金刚石对银的润湿性,降低界面热阻,从而提高金刚石／银复合材料的导热率。     

电子战仿真数字系统模型及设计方法

阐述了在ＥＷ 系统建模、仿真和评估中采用电子战数字系统模型（ＥＷＤＳＭ）的意义。结合电子战系统仿真评估的特点，讨论了ＥＷＤＳＭ 在设计时采用的方法，如面向对象的分析方法的类层次和类结构，以及基于ＨＬＡ／ＲＴＩ的分布仿真协议的分布式计算环境的仿真系统设计。     

烧结助剂对热压SiCw/Si3N4复合材料性能的影响

本文通过热压的方法分别制得以Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ｌａ２Ｏ３为烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷基复合材料，对比了采用不同种类及含量的烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的性能结果，发现烧结助剂的种类及含量对ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性有明显的影响，对高温弯曲强度的影响尤为显著。     

低Ni/改性Al2O3催化剂表面性质表征

本文用氧吸附法和程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）法分别考察低Ｎｉ／改性Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的分散度，环已烷和苯的吸附脱附性能。结果表明：该催化剂分散性好，表面至少存在两种吸附中心。苯、环已烷在该催化剂的表面上属于一级可逆吸附脱附过程，催化剂表面能量分布不均匀。     

分布式网络攻击检测系统（DIDS）

介绍了网络攻击检测系统 (IDS)的运作机理 ,分析了IDS的优缺点。针对传统IDS的问题提出了分布式IDS(DIDS)的概念 ,比较了DIDS的设计目标与目前一些IDS产品的性能。最后从功能模块设计、攻击特征的获取和更新、提高攻击行为的检测和反应速度、攻击行为关联性分析和更加主动的反应策略五个方面详细阐述了DIDS的具体设计思路 ,为进一步完善网络攻击检测系统的性能提供了可行的解决方案     

烧结温度对 Cf/SiC 复合材料界面的影响

系统地研究了烧结温度对Cf/SiC复合材料界面和力学性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度较低(1700℃)时,由于复合材料的烧结性差,纤维与基体间仅仅为一种机械结合,因此纤维与基体间结合很弱,从而导致复合材料力学性能低.烧结温度提高至1800℃后,由于适量的富碳界面相不仅可避免纤维与基体间的直接结合,而且使纤维与基体间的结合强度适中,因而复合材料具有很好的力学性能.进一步提高烧结温度至1850℃或更高温度时,由于界面相与纤维间的反应加重,纤维本身性能大大降低.同时,纤维与基体间结合强度提高,因此复合材料的力学性能大大降低.     

Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化涂层的制备及性能

在氧化性环境中,高于400℃时碳纤维开始氧化,限制了Cf SiC复合材料的应用。通过在Cf SiC复合材料表面制备抗氧化涂层体系,可以有效地保护碳纤维不被氧化。本实验制备了含CVD SiC粘接层、自愈合功能层和CVD SiC抗冲蚀层的三层涂层体系,并进行了氧化失重试验。氧化失重试验结果表明,仅有CVD SiC涂层的试样氧化失重率较大,不能有效地保护材料,而含有自愈合功能层的三层涂层体系的材料试样,在800℃～1200℃的氧化失重率非常小,1000℃下氧化288h的失重率仅为2.3%,弯曲强度仍保持为452.9MPa。同时实验发现,试样在氧化失重试验后,其CVD SiC涂层的表面形貌有明显改变,这主要是由SiC氧化形成SiO2薄膜所致,并且在1200℃下所生成的SiO2薄膜有表面收缩趋势,具有液相膜的部分特征。     

火炮反后坐装置故障机理研究

反后坐装置是火炮的"心脏",性能好坏直接关系到其战斗力的发挥。节制环磨损及复进机漏液是反后坐装置最常见的故障。分析了节制环磨损和复进机漏液的故障机理,给出了磨损量以及漏液量计算模型。在此基础上,结合火炮后坐、复进反面问题计算程序,模拟计算火炮在节制环磨损和复进机漏液情况下的运动诸元。进而预测在其它射击条件正常情况下,火炮平均无故障射弹发数。