寿命周期费用估算中的敏感度分析

针对寿命周期费用估算和分析时存在的费用不确定性,需要对关键参数进行敏感度分析,否则会影响到结果的正确性.通过分析引起费用不确定性的因素,阐述了敏感度分析的内涵和分析步聚.为了验证该方法,举出示例加以说明.认为:敏感度分析的费用估算与分析中的运用,将对合理决策产生重要作用.     

Signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio estimation for wireless communication systems: Methods and analysis

The Signal‐to‐Interference‐plus‐Noise Ratio (SINR) is an important metric of wireless communication link quality. SINR estimates have several important applications. These include optimizing the transmit power level for a target quality of service, assisting with handoff decisions and dynamically adapting the data rate for wireless Internet applications. Accurate SINR estimation provides for both a more efficient system and a higher user‐perceived quality of service. In this paper, we develop new SINR estimators and compare their mean squared error (MSE) performance. We show that our new estimators dominate estimators that have previously appeared in the literature with respect to MSE. The sequence of transmitted bits in wireless communication systems consists of both pilot bits (which are known both to the transmitter and receiver) and user bits (which are known only by the transmitter). The SINR estimators we consider alternatively depend exclusively on pilot bits, exclusively on user bits, or simultaneously use both pilot and user bits. In addition, we consider estimators that utilize smoothing and feedback mechanisms. Smoothed estimators are motivated by the fact that the interference component of the SINR changes relatively slowly with time, typically with the addition or departure of a user to the system. Feedback estimators are motivated by the fact that receivers typically decode bits correctly with a very high probability, and therefore user bits can be thought of as quasipilot bits. For each estimator discussed, we derive an exact or approximate formula for its MSE. Satterthwaite approximations, noncentral F distributions (singly and doubly) and distribution theory of quadratic forms are the key statistical tools used in developing the MSE formulas. In the case of approximate MSE formulas, we validate their accuracy using simulation techniques. The approximate MSE formulas, of interest in their own right for comparing the quality of the estimators, are also used for optimally combining estimators. In particular, we derive optimal weights for linearly combining an estimator based on pilot bits with an estimator based on user bits. The optimal weights depend on the MSE of the two estimators being combined, and thus the accurate approximate MSE formulas can conveniently be used. The optimal weights also depend on the unknown SINR, and therefore need to be estimated in order to construct a useable combined estimator. The impact on the MSE of the combined estimator due to estimating the weights is examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

多元先验信息的融合问题

在多元先验信息条件下,运用Bayes理论讨论问题时,必然会遇到先验信息融合问题.文中提出了几种简化形式,并针对产品失效率的多个先验信息情形,结合实例与熵度量的拟合优度说明了该方法的合理性.     

AHP法改进及其在目标威胁等级评估中的应用

目标威胁等级评估有利于合理分配战场资源,进行科学的攻防决策,既能更好保存自己,又可有打击敌人。应用模糊综合评判和成对比较法构造判断矩阵,改进了层次分析法(AHP法),提高了判断矩阵的准确性和科学性。采用改进后的AHP法评估威胁水下潜艇生存的海面和水下目标,得到了目标威胁的量化结果。改进后的AHP法可用于其它类型目标的威胁等级评估,为进一步提高评估的准确性,模糊综合评判时专家评分权值可取不同值,但判断矩阵的特性有待进一步研究。     

网络系统可靠性近似估算方法的对比研究

在讨论了网络系统可靠性计算难题的基础上,以满足工程实际的精度需要并减少分析计算工作量为目标,对现有的4种近似估算网络系统可靠性的方法进行了分析,指出了各种方法产生误差的原因,定性分析了有关方法为减少误差所采取措施的合理性。针对2种不同复杂程度的典型网络系统,通过数值算例,给出了单元可靠度不同情形下的系统可靠度计算值;与精确算法对比之后,得到了量化的误差.基于对各方法的工作量和误差的综合分析,给出了具有工程指导意义的建议.     

一种纯方位跟踪中的在线式伪线性算法

针对伪线性参数估计不能进行实时状态跟踪的问题,讨论了一种新的在线式的伪线性跟踪算法.对算法的实现过程进行了推导,并应用于纯方位目标的跟踪问题中.仿真结果表明,与传统累积形式的伪线性跟踪算法相比,该算法在保证一定精度的同时,能够降低每个估计时刻的计算量,减少计算占用的资源,是一种有效的算法.     

基于模糊推理的目标攻潜武器判断

介绍了模糊推理理论基本思想,分析了判断目标攻潜武器的战术依据.针对潜艇水下收集目标信息的特点,应用模糊推理理论建立了目标攻潜武器类型的判断规则,并给出推导过程和实现方式,在把模糊推理理论应用于潜艇威胁判断模型的研究上做了初步尝试.     

基于正则化的多平台多传感器导航定位和探测偏差估计

针对影响舰载雷达探测误差主要为平台导航定位误差和传感器自身探测误差,对这两类误差的影响因素进行了分析,首次综合考虑这两种系统误差,提出了一种基于正则化的多平台导航定位及探测偏差估计方法,利用不同舰艇上传感器对公共目标探测的迭合条件,建立系统误差观测方程,利用LS对两种系统误差同时进行了估计,并在偏差估计中采用正则化估计方法,提高估计结果的稳定性,最后进行了仿真验证,仿真效果验证了算法的有效性,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

改进的高脉冲重复频率雷达多假设距离估计方法

高脉冲重复频率雷达目标距离估计时面临距离模糊问题,因此必须采取一定方法解距离模糊。现有方法大都需要在每个驻留时间内至少两帧(包括两帧)检测到目标来实现目标距离估计,多假设方法虽然不要求在每个驻留时间内都需至少两帧检测到目标,但是当模糊区间发生变化时会出现目标距离估计错误。针对现有多假设方法的不足,提出改进的多假设方法,通过建立相关波门来判断目标所在的模糊区间是否改变并对目标状态作出修正,实现对模糊区间发生变化时目标距离的正确估计。仿真表明,方法可以不受模糊区间变化的影响,以较高精度实现目标距离估计。     

加权采样的序列蒙特卡罗滤波技术

在处理非线性滤波问题时,常用的几种通过模型近似或计算近似的滤波方法均在某种特定的情况下具有适用性.近年来随着计算机处理能力的快速发展,提出了序列蒙特卡罗滤波方法,因其在处理复杂的非线性和非高斯问题时表现出强大的潜力而引起广泛关注.详述了序列蒙特卡罗滤波算法的基本思想和原理,对其关键技术进行了归纳分析,并指出了该方法亟待解决的一些难点问题.