球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板穿甲破坏机理

为探讨球头弹低速斜侵彻下靶板的破坏机理,通过系列弹道试验,对比分析不同初始速度下弹体的变形、靶板的破坏模式以及靶板的破口大小和形状;同时采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对弹靶作用过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:低速斜侵彻下靶板响应非完全对称,根据受力特征可将靶板划分为四个不同区域,即接触区、弯曲区、拉伸区、对称区;薄板的穿甲破坏可分为四个不同的阶段,即隆起变形、碟形变形、弯曲变形、弹体贯穿阶段;不同初始速度下靶板出现四种典型的穿甲破坏模式,随着初始速度的增加依次为隆起—碟形变形、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯撕裂破坏、隆起—碟形变形—拉弯剪切破坏、隆起—拉弯剪切破坏。斜侵彻下靶板破口形状为椭圆形,随着初始速度的增加,破口长径不断减小,形状由椭圆形向卵形过渡。     

穿甲子弹偏心入射陶瓷/钢复合靶板试验

设计并进行了7.62mm穿甲子弹侵彻陶瓷/低碳钢复合靶板的弹道试验,得到了极限速度及陶瓷锥底部半径等数据。分析了锥底半径与入射速度、面板及背板厚度的关系,着重分析了偏心入射时靶板的抗弹机理。结果表明:陶瓷锥可分为破碎区和粉碎区,粉碎区半径约为面板厚度与弹丸半径之和;当弹着点距离陶瓷面板边缘大于5mm时,靶板的抗弹性能变化不大,而弹着点位于距陶瓷面板边缘小于5mm的板边区时,抗弹性能明显降低,靶板的有效防护面积应扣除板边区。     

加筋板架抗动能穿甲的等效防护厚度研究

为研究舰船舷侧结构抗穿甲性能,采用有限元分析了两种典型工况下板架的穿甲破坏模式、弹体的剩余速度和板架的变形吸能规律,提出了基于剪切冲塞模式的剩余速度理论计算模型,比较了不同等效计算方法得到的结果,并将理论计算结果分别与相关文献的实验结果和本文的有限元计算结果进行了比较,两者之间均吻合较好。结果表明,加强筋对板架的抗穿甲性能影响较大,而板架的实际等效厚度是决定其抗穿甲性能的主要因素;不同的等效计算方法与模型相对尺寸、弹体冲击速度以及命中位置有关,对于弹体直径相对较大且初始冲击速度较高时,不同的等效计算方法得到的结果基本一致。     

空气动力和直接侧向力复合控制的拦截弹飞行力学及稳定回路模型

以大气层低层拦截导弹为研究对象,建立了飞行力学模型,进行了空气动力与力矩燃气动力的复合控制回路分析设计,进行了实例计算与仿真。     

舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵强度计算方法研究

新型"大气泡能"概念武器在水下爆炸能产生大气泡,对船体总纵强度造成很大影响,有可能使舰体发生纵向折断或倾覆。为研究这种作用,建立了舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵弯曲强度的理论计算方法。采用静置爆炸气泡的假设,将气泡产生的浮力损失和压力差转化为等效载荷,计算气泡作用后船体的总纵弯矩和剪力并进行强度校核。以某舰艇为例进行计算,结果表明,爆炸气泡作用下船体的剪力和弯矩比静浮状态增大很多,船体发生纵向折断破坏的危险性也随之增大。     

基础知识在《理论力学》课程中的地位和学习方法

很多学生没有学习好<理论力学>的主要原因是对基础知识重视不够、学习方法不科学.为此,在强调基础知识重要性的同时,结合典型的例子,着重对于基本概念、基本理论、基本技能等3个方面的学习方法,进行了分析和讨论.     

Resistance of grid steel-tube-confined concrete targets against projectile impact: Experimental investigation and analytical engineering model

Steel-tube-confined concrete (STCC) targets are provided with excellent anti-penetration performance over semi-infinite concrete (SIC) targets since the steel tube imposes passive restraint on the in-filled concrete during the penetration process. Grid STCC system with square steel tubes is a potential solution to protective structures. In this paper, experiments of 9-cell grid STCC targets penetrated by 12.7 mm Armor Piercing Projectile (APP) were performed. The influence of side length and thickness of steel tube, steel ratio and impact velocity on anti-penetration performance were taken into account. Additionally, single-cell square STCC targets were also designed and tested for comparison with the 9-cell grid STCC targets. Damage modes and parameters of the tested targets were measured and discussed. Moreover, the stiffness of radial confinement of grid STCC targets is achieved according to the elastic solution of infinite cylindrical shell in Winkler medium. Furthermore, the penetration resistance and depth of penetration (DOP) for grid STCC targets are obtained on the basis of the dynamic finite spherical cavity-expansion (FSCE) models including radial confinement effect. It is shown that the 9-cell grid STCC targets with optimal dimension match of thickness and side length of steel tube can reduce the DOP by about 17 % and 23 % in comparison with the SIC targets and single-cell square STCC targets, respectively, due to both the confinement of square steel tube to concrete in the impacted cell and the additional confinement of the surrounding cells to the impacted cell; the penetration resistance and DOP of the grid and cellular STCC targets with similar steel ratio is close, and thus the grid STCC targets with simpler manufacturing process and excellent in-plane expandability are preferred in engineering practice; moreover, the predicted results of DOP model based on the FSCE models agree well with the tested results with the maximum disparity less than 12 % and the proposed model is more applicable to the grid and cellular STCC targets with high radial confinement.     

Numerical simulation of dynamic large deformation and fracture damage for solid armature in electromagnetic railgun

The design of solid armature of railgun should take full account of its operating conditions and material properties because the armature is subjected to dynamic loading conditions and experiences a complicated electrical, thermal and mechanical process in the interior ballistic cycle. In this paper present, we first introduced a multi-physical field model of railgun, followed by several examples to investigate the launching process. Especially, we used the explicit finite element method, in which material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity were accounted, to investigate the deform behaviors of solid armature. The results show that the dynamic mechanical process of armature is dependent on the armature geometry, material and exciting electric current. By the numerical simulation, the understanding of the fracture mechanism of solid armature was deepened.     

垂直刚性面边界条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论研究

为研究垂直边界面对水下爆炸气泡脉动的影响,根据势流理论建立了垂直边界面条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论模型,编制计算程序进行求解。对水下爆炸气泡脉动运动的特点、流场的速度及压力的分布、气泡引起的载荷形式进行了分析,结果表明,此模型能够反映水下爆炸气泡和周围流体介质的运动规律,并能进行定量的计算。     

谈谈飞行力学的三大研究手段

基于现代力学思想、信息时代高新技术和以往工作经验 ,对飞行力学的三大研究手段 ,即理论、计算和实验 ,进行了比较详细的讨论。