光纤光栅技术与应用专题讲座(二) 第4讲 基于光纤光栅编解码器的OCDMA系统

光纤光栅凭借良好的时/频域特性,迅速成为光码分多址编解码器实现方法的一个重要研究方向,在时域、频域和时/频域二维等编解码方案中都得到了广泛而深入的研究。文中对光码分多址技术及光纤光栅编解码器的原理进行了综述,并对基于光纤光栅的时域相位编解码、频谱相位编解码和时/频域二维编解码这三种编解码方案进行了介绍。     

Indian and Chinese espionage

India and China both have powerful spy networks; completely different in their approaches to espionage; both effective against their perceived enemies. China focuses first on internal threats, on Taiwan and Hong Kong, and then the US and Japan. India’s defense policy focuses on Pakistan and internal terrorist threats, and then on China. In reality, however, when it comes to spying on each other, both China and India suffer from incompetence and apathy – which endangers both their own security and regional stability. This article looks at how they spy on each other, and asks why and how they need to improve. The narrative also touches upon some of the individuals who are waging the spy war, from India’s wily spymaster Ajit Doval down to junior Chinese agents such as Wang Qing and Pema Tsering. The two countries are not friends. They have the largest territorial dispute in the world on their hands, covering an area the size of North Korea, and they have large armies facing each other along 4000 kilometers of frontier. But they also lay claim to the world’s two oldest and richest civilizations, with a rich history of exchange, and now with a combined population of 2.6 billion people and more than a quarter of the world’s economic output. If they cooperated, they could solve many of the world’s problems; but if they lurch into conflict, the potential consequences are terrifying to contemplate. Unfortunately, despite their geographical closeness, they do not know much about each other. They have few cultural interchanges, little diplomacy, few trade missions. They do not watch each other’s films, read each other’s books or listen to each other’s music. Chinese tourists would rather fly to New Zealand for their holidays than cross the border to India, and Indian students would rather study in Europe than China. China and India are neighbors that barely talk to each other. Most significantly, they do not spy on each competently. For countries that do not interact socially, defensive understanding is important for security – but China prefers the glamor of facing up to its Pacific and other maritime rivals such as the US and Japan. India, for its part, does talk a great deal about the China threat, but its resources and expertise are wrapped up in controlling its security threat from Pakistan and the Islamic world. When China and India do try to spy on each other, it is often without the benefit of a long-term focus or understanding. India has some very skilled operatives within the Research and Analysis Wing, but few that specialize in China. China has an enormous pool of resources spread across several government departments, including the Ministry of Public Security, and also has extensive facilities and manpower in the Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission (the JSD) and the new Strategic Support Force (the SSF). However, China’s intelligence services generally behave as if India is not worth spying on. Given that the two countries do not have the cultural or political machinery in place to understand each other, espionage and intelligence gathering is vital to ensure that miscalculations do not take place. This has been apparent over the last few years in stand-offs in the Himalaya, as well as top-level suspicions on each side about a variety of subjects including terrorism, covert operations in Sri Lanka and Burma, and the two countries’ nuclear weapons programs. Both countries do occasionally make efforts in espionage against each other, especially during sensitive periods such as the mountain stand-offs of 2014 and 2013 and during policy developments in nuclear warfare. In this article the author looks at actual spying incidents between the two countries, their methodologies, their staff, their technical capabilities, and how the act of spying, which is usually viewed as intrinsically adversarial, can be a force for good. The article relies on interviews with actual participants in intelligence from both countries as well as extensive use of contemporary online sources, and secondary analysis by both military and academic experts from China, India and NATO countries.     

基于DDS舰载火控系统通信

针对舰载火控系统通信需求,提出基于DDS的舰载火控体系结构,实现了系统松耦合,同时满足了实时性要求。通过发布订阅服务的设计,基于默认QoS策略,分别使用内置数据类型和自定义数据类型实现舰载火控系统的发布订阅功能。通过可靠性QoS策略的配置分析其对系统实时性和可靠性的影响。测试结果表明,DDS在舰载火控系统中有广阔的应用前景。     

喷嘴结构对高压水射流影响及结构参数优化设计

喷嘴是产生高压水射流的关键部件,其结构形式对射流动力学性能有很大影响。以圆柱形喷嘴为对象,进行喷嘴结构对高压水射流的影响分析及结构参数优化设计。采用两相流计算流体力学模型进行喷嘴内外的射流流场分析。为节省计算资源,在优化设计时引入Kriging代理模型替代计算流体力学模型。分别采用改进的非劣分类遗传算法和基于分解的多目标进化算法进行单目标和多目标优化设计。研究结果表明:直线型喷嘴总体性能较优,凹型喷嘴的次之,凸型喷嘴性能最差。以直线型喷嘴为设计对象,以射流初始段长度和流量为目标,得到了单目标和多目标优化设计结果。单目标优化时,两个指标较基准外形分别提高14.71%和27.56%。多目标优化时,优化得到的半锥角处于[15.4°,89.8°]区间内。运用代理模型和进化算法的全局优化方法在进行喷嘴的优化设计时是有效的。     

不同网栅结构对MEFP成型影响的对比分析

为了研究不同形状网栅结构对形成的MEFP破片的影响,利用LS-DYNA动力有限元程序,采用Lagrangian方法,分别对十字形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部、星形线形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部、中心圆环形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部、井字形网栅切割式MEFP战斗部成型过程进行了数值模拟研究,并对影响各自破片成型及发散角的因素进行了分析研究。通过对不同方案网栅切割式MEFP速度及散布面积对比分析,结果表明:采用井字形网栅产生的破片集聚性优于十字形、星形线形和中心圆环形结构方案。     

微纳卫星姿态确定与控制半实物仿真系统设计

航天器姿态控制系统需要特殊的运行环境,在地面很难考核,这给系统可靠性带来一定的风险。针对微纳卫星的特点,设计并研制了一套面向微纳卫星的姿态确定与控制半实物仿真系统。该系统通过数字化模型模拟卫星姿态轨道运动、敏感器模型产生敏感器测量数据、执行器模型生成控制力矩、敏感器模拟器实现通信协议,最终实现姿态控制系统的全系统仿真。这套系统可以接入卫星控制系统回路,实现对姿控系统软件、硬件的考核,同时验证算法的性能。基于该系统,对天拓三号卫星姿控系统进行地面半实物仿真,并对比在轨试验数据,结果表明系统设计合理,仿真结果可信。     

改进幂指数趋近律的航空发动机模糊滑模控制

针对滑模变结构控制趋近运动不具有鲁棒性的问题,提出了一种基于改进幂指数趋近律的航空发动机模糊滑模控制策略。采用一种参数模糊自调节的时变滑模面,"主动迎上"系统状态轨迹,而不是被动等待系统状态轨迹落在滑模面上,缩短趋近运动时间,提高控制器的鲁棒性;并提出了一种改进的幂指数趋近律,进一步削弱抖振。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器取得了令人满意的控制效果,能有效地抑制干扰和参数不确定性的影响,削弱抖振。     

连续波强激光武器的动态毁伤概率数学模型

在强激光武器的跟踪误差为均方可导、各态历经、零均值的正态过程的条件下,通过明晰的物理概念与严谨的数理演绎,导出了它的动态毁伤概率的级数表达式。通过算例探讨了动态毁伤概率的性质:它存在两个极大值所对应的随机穿越的自然频率,当跟踪系统工作在其中的非零频率上时,更具有快速反应能力;展现了跟踪误差的传递函数与动态毁伤概率间的定量关系。为论证、设计、检验强激光武器系统的动态毁伤概率提供了理论依据与技术支持。     

指挥控制结构的抗毁性分析研究

指挥控制结构的抗毁性决定了战时指挥控制体系在遭受敌打击时,其减缓受到的损害和恢复其相关能力的能力,在未来信息化作战条件下具有重要的现实意义。为了明确指挥控制结构的抗毁性与攻击方式等因素的关系,在指控复杂网络模型的基础上,对抗毁性的描述参数进行了定义,以仿真实验的方式对比了随机攻击与重点攻击、考虑时间因素的攻击、按照不同标准(度和介数)排序进行的攻击等。从而揭示了信息化作战环境下指挥控制结构抗毁性的表现与维护重点。     

基于ANP维修保障系统结构设计影响因素分析

针对装备维修保障系统结构设计影响因素多、设计过程易耦合等问题,提出了一种基于网络分析(ANP)的维修保障系统结构设计影响因素网络模型和方法。首先,以维修保障系统结构设计影响因素定量研究为控制层目标,以作战任务系统、保障对象系统等为网络层的因素集,建立维修保障系统结构设计影响因素的网络模型;其次,运用网络分析方法定量地确定维修保障系统结构设计各个因素的影响综合权重及排序,明确设计时应优先考虑的关键因素。通过具体分析,证明了此方法的正确性和实用性。