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31.
We consider a make‐to‐order production–distribution system with one supplier and one or more customers. A set of orders with due dates needs to be processed by the supplier and delivered to the customers upon completion. The supplier can process one order at a time without preemption. Each customer is at a distinct location and only orders from the same customer can be batched together for delivery. Each delivery shipment has a capacity limit and incurs a distribution cost. The problem is to find a joint schedule of order processing at the supplier and order delivery from the supplier to the customers that optimizes an objective function involving the maximum delivery tardiness and the total distribution cost. We first study the solvability of various cases of the problem by either providing an efficient algorithm or proving the intractability of the problem. We then develop a fast heuristic for the general problem. We show that the heuristic is asymptotically optimal as the number of orders goes to infinity. We also evaluate the performance of the heuristic computationally by using lower bounds obtained by a column generation approach. Our results indicate that the heuristic is capable of generating near optimal solutions quickly. Finally, we study the value of production–distribution integration by comparing our integrated approach with two sequential approaches where scheduling decisions for order processing are made first, followed by order delivery decisions, with no or only partial integration of the two decisions. We show that in many cases, the integrated approach performs significantly better than the sequential approaches. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005 相似文献
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公寓房是我军住房保障体系的重要组成部分,其中又以小户型公寓房为主体,加强小户型公寓的设计研究对提高其保障效能具有现实意义。解读军队公寓住房建筑设计方案竞赛一等奖作品,指出小户型公寓采用一梯两户多层的形式在营造营区环境、降低建筑全寿命费用、改善室内舒适度等方面具有比较优势;应合理分配小户型公寓房面积,适当提高卫浴和厨房所占面积比例,控制客厅和卧室规模;应在门厅空间布局与卫浴空间分室设置、储藏空间多样化、布置多用途小空间、管井集中出户等方面提高设计的精细化程度。 相似文献
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参考高斯变异算子和柯西变异算子,提出了基于学生概率分布变异的进化规划算法。学生概率分布能够衔接高斯分布和柯西分布,其性能通过改变参数n来获得。通过仿真得到了学生概率分布变异的规律。仿真表明,基于学生概率分布变异的进化算法具有较好的性能。 相似文献
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本文对车辆悬挂系统扭杆弹簧的寿命作了统计分析,得到服从形状参数m=1.5~2.0的威布尔分布.论证了把可靠度R(t)=0.9的工作寿命作为规范中所规定的额定寿命值的合理性,同时对影响其寿命的若干因素进行了讨论. 相似文献
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以BLUE算法和GDOP为基本定位算法和精度分析工具,评估多基地雷达的定位性能,建立以GDOP最小值最小和有效监控区最大为目标的多基地雷达布站优化模型.仿真结果表明,通过以下措施可提高定位性能:①增加收发站总数;②采取扇形方式布站;③优先增加部署接收站;④交替部署收发站;⑤通过优化模型优化扇形布站分布角总和. 相似文献
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Let X and Xτ denote the lifetime and the residual life at age τ of a system, respectively. X is said to be a NBUL random variable if Xτ is smaller than X in Laplace order, i.e., Xτ ≤L X. We obtain some characterizations for this class of life distribution by means of the lifetime of a series system and the residual life at random time. We also discuss preservation properties for this class of life distribution under shock models. Finally, under the assumption that the lifetimes have the NBUL property, we make stochastic comparisons between some basic replacement policies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 578–591, 2001. 相似文献
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Bivariate life distribution models are of importance for studying interdependent components. We present a generic approach by introducing a new concept of characterized model in stead of a characterized distribution. It strikes a balance between characterization and modeling approaches to eliminate their individual limitations and incorporate their respective strengths. The proposed model, being a characterized one, admits many important properties irrespective of the choice of marginal distributions. The retention of univariate IFR, DFR, IFRA, DFRA, NBU, and NWU class properties in the bivariate setup has been ensured along with some results on series combinations and convolution. No other models, available in the literature, can ensure simultaneous retention of these fundamental and extremely important class properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004 相似文献
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