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251.
Benjamin Deruelle 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2014,25(4):754-766
The first conceptual, theoretical treatises about small war (la petite guerre) as special operations appeared only from the middle of the seventeenth century. The term is not used in the eighteenth-century sense of ‘special operations’ in older sources. The supposed absence of any treatment of the subject is surprising considering the obsession with the ‘art of war’ in the Renaissance, but other authors attribute it to a supposed antinomy between chivalric ideals and irregular warfare. But the absence of explicit manuals on the subject is not evidence of absence of advanced reflection on this kind of operations in the Middle Ages and in Early Modern times. We should thus look elsewhere, in other genres, for writings that contain and pass on military knowledge. Epics, romances, educational and military treatises, and memoirs in fact contain elements of a theory of special operations, even though these genres differ from our conception of rationality inherited from the Enlightenment. 相似文献
252.
Charles Esdaile 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2014,25(4):814-827
The Spanish Guerrilla (1808–1812) which has given its name to ideologically motivated insurgencies is usually portrayed as a patriotic uprising against the French occupation forces of Napoleon. It was that, in part, but also many other things besides. This case study illustrates its overlap and convergence with banditry but also with social unrest turned into uprisings directed by poor Spaniards against their creditors, as in the storming of Ronda by insurgents in 1810. From the propaganda of the day to the subsequent Spanish patriotic historiography, there has been a tendency to exaggerate the amplitude of events and also the damage that was done to the French forces and the casualty figures inflicted on them. 相似文献
253.
This paper studies a periodic‐review pricing and inventory control problem for a retailer, which faces stochastic price‐sensitive demand, under quite general modeling assumptions. Any unsatisfied demand is lost, and any leftover inventory at the end of the finite selling horizon has a salvage value. The cost component for the retailer includes holding, shortage, and both variable and fixed ordering costs. The retailer's objective is to maximize its discounted expected profit over the selling horizon by dynamically deciding on the optimal pricing and replenishment policy for each period. We show that, under a mild assumption on the additive demand function, at the beginning of each period an (s,S) policy is optimal for replenishment, and the value of the optimal price depends on the inventory level after the replenishment decision has been done. Our numerical study also suggests that for a sufficiently long selling horizon, the optimal policy is almost stationary. Furthermore, the fixed ordering cost (K) plays a significant role in our modeling framework. Specifically, any increase in K results in lower s and higher S. On the other hand, the profit impact of dynamically changing the retail price, contrasted with a single fixed price throughout the selling horizon, also increases with K. We demonstrate that using the optimal policy values from a model with backordering of unmet demands as approximations in our model might result in significant profit penalty. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006 相似文献
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255.
云模型及其在指挥控制系统可靠性分析中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
根据指挥控制系统的特点及作战应用的具体情况,从指挥控制系统的可靠性出发,提出了适合指控系统可靠性分析的云模型。通过拟定性能评价指标,导出各指标的云模型及其多维加权综合云的重心,应用云重心评价方法进行分析;并通过案例,运用基于PC-L INM AP的云重心评价方法,以影响指挥控制系统可靠性的两个重要性能指标为依据,分析了未来联合作战中指挥控制系统的可靠性,比较贴近作战实际,可信度较高。 相似文献
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257.
作为“建模与仿真”(M&S)的高层体系结构 ,HLA能带给用户的好处将是巨大的。HLA联邦开发与运行过程 (FEDEP)的自动化是促进HLA应用的关键。文中研究了将功能强大的CASE工具RationalRose用于支持FEDEP自动化的可行性 ,指出了应用中应特别注意的问题 ,重点说明了应用中的关键技术 ,并给出一应用实例 相似文献
258.
本文讨论了遥感图像小波压缩方法中几个影响压缩性能的关键因素,通过比较提出了较优的压缩策略,将其应用于遥感图像压缩,取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
259.
在跳频多址通信中,为了减少用户之间的互相干扰,保证良好的同步以及其它工作性能,要求跳频码序列具有较好的互相关特性和自相关特性。本文首先分析了具有较好互相关特性和自相关特性的码序列的理论上受到的限制,然后着重分析了它们的构造和产生。 相似文献
260.