钢管在冲击荷载作用下的变形与失效破坏

为研究钢管在弹体侵彻过程中的变形特点,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,采用Johnson-Cook模型,模拟了半球形弹体以不同速度正向冲击钢管时的非线性动力响应情况。结果表明：弹体速度越小,钢管的抗侵彻性能越好;弹体速度越接近临界破坏速度,钢管降低弹体速度的能力就越明显;弹体冲击钢管时,钢管上表面比下表面更容易产生大变形,消耗更多的弹体动能,并在抗侵彻过程中伴有局部凹陷、蝶形变形和贯穿现象。实验结果可为圆柱壳结构钢管在冲击荷载作用下的耗能分析提供参考。     

新型舰炮使用测速雷达后观测距离偏差射击校正方法

针对测速雷达精确校正初速后的观测距离偏差校正方法进行研究,建立不同校正方法校正量计算模型,对比分析不同校正方法校正精度,得出了使用测速雷达精确校正初速后观测距离偏差应采用折合空气密度校正精度高的结论,为中大口径舰炮部队作战与训练和装备的研制改进提供依据。     

Study of nano-nitramine explosives: preparation,sensitivity and application

Nano-nitramine explosives (RDX, HMX, CL-20) are produced on a bi-directional grinding mill. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show that the prepared particles are semi-spherical, and the narrow size distributions are characterized using the laser particle size analyzer. Compared with the micron-sized samples, the nano-products show obvious decrease in friction and impact sensitivities. In the case of shock sensitivities, nano-products have lower values by 59.9% (RDX), 56.4% (HMX), and 58.1% (CL-20), respectively. When nano-RDX and nano-HMX are used in plastic bonded explosives (PBX) as alternative materials of micron-sized particles, their shock sensitivities are significantly decreased by 24.5% (RDX) and 22.9% (HMX), and their detonation velocities are increased by about 1.7%. Therefore, it is expected to promote the application of nano-nitramine explosives in PBXs and composite modified double-based propellants (CMDBs) so that some of their properties would be improved.     

Deconsolidation and combustion performance of thermally consolidated propellants deterred by multi-layers coating

Both heating and solvent-spray methods are used to consolidate the standard grains of double-base oblate sphere propellants plasticized with triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN) (TEGDN propellants) to high density propellants. The obtained consolidated propellants are deterred and coated with the slow burning multi-layer coating. The maximum compaction density of deterred and coated consolidated propellants can reach up to 1.39 g/cm³. Their mechanic, deconsolidation and combustion performances are tested by the materials test machine, interrupted burning set-up and closed vessel, respectively. The static compression strength of consolidated propellants deterred by multi-layer coating increases significantly to 18 MPa, indicating that they can be applied in most circumstances of charge service. And the samples are easy to deconsolidate in the interrupted burning test. Furthermore, the closed bomb burning curves of the samples indicate a two-stage combustion phenomenon under the condition of certain thickness of coated multi-layers. After the outer deterred multi-layer coating of consolidated samples is finished burning, the inner consolidated propellants continue to burn and breakup into aggregates and grains. The high burning progressivity can be carefully obtained by the smart control of deconsolidation process and duration of consolidated propellants. The preliminary results of consolidated propellants show that a rapid deconsolidation process at higher deconsolidation pressure is presented in the dynamic vivacity curves of closed bomb test. Higher density and higher macro progressivity of consolidated propellants can be obtained by the techniques in this paper.     

Long-rod penetration: the transition zone between rigid and hydrodynamic penetration modes

Long-rod penetration in a wide range of velocity means that the initial impact velocity varies in a range from tens of meters per second to several kilometers per second. The long rods maintain rigid state when the impact velocity is low, the nose of rod deforms and even is blunted when the velocity gets higher, and the nose erodes and fails to lead to the consumption of long projectile when the velocity is very high due to instantaneous high pressure. That is, from low velocity to high velocity, the projectile undergoes rigid rods, deforming non-erosive rods, and erosive rods. Because of the complicated changes of the projectile, no well-established theoretical model and numerical simulation have been used to study the transition zone. Based on the analysis of penetration behavior in the transition zone, a phenomenological model to describe target resistance and a formula to calculate penetration depth in transition zone are proposed, and a method to obtain the boundary velocity of transition zone is determined. A combined theoretical analysis model for three response regions is built by analyzing the characteristics in these regions. The penetration depth predicted by this combined model is in good agreement with experimental result.     

Theoretical study of an energetic material di-1H-1,3,4-triazole derivatives

Computations by density functional theory (DFT) method are performed on a series of di-1H-1,3,4-triazole derivatives with different substituents and linkages. The heat of formation (HOF) is predicted by the designed isodesmic reactions. The predicted results reveal that –N₃ and –NN– groups are effective structural units for increasing the HOF values of the di-1H-1,3,4-triazole derivatives. The HOMO–LUMO gap is affected by the substituents and linkage groups. Detonation performance is evaluated using the Kamlet–Jacobs approach based on the calculated density and HOF. The results indicate that –NO₂, –NF₂, –NH–, –NH–NH– and –NN– groups are helpful for enhancing the detonation properties of di-1H-1,3,4-triazole derivatives. The bond dissociation energy and bond order of the weakest bonds are analyzed to investigate their stability. It is observed that the –CH₂–, –CH₂–CH₂– and –CHCH– groups are effective structural units for improving the stabilities of these derivatives. Considering the detonation performance and the stability, five compounds are screened as the potential candidates for high energy density materials.     

Scale-up synthesis and characterization of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide

2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (ANPZO), as an insensitive high explosive, with a high yield and excellent purity has been prepared at pilot plant scale by an improved method. The synthesized ANPZO is characterized by IR, laser granularity measurement, SEM and HPLC. The particle analysis revealed that the improved method could offer desired product with average particle size of 40 μm and high purity (>98.45%). The experimental parameters exhibited that the detonation velocity of the formulation based on ANPZO was higher than that of the corresponding TATB formulation. The DSC curve showed that the exothermic decomposition of the product occurred at the temperature between 300.5 °C and 360.4 °C. Furthermore, the sensitivity test suggests its safe nature towards mechanical stimulus.     

Analysis on the resistive force in penetration of a rigid projectile

According to the dimensionless formulae of DOP (depth of penetration) of a rigid projectile into different targets, the resistive force which a target exerts on the projectile during the penetration of rigid projectile is theoretically analyzed. In particular, the threshold V_c of impact velocity applicable for the assumption of constant resistive force is formulated through impulse analysis. The various values of V_c corresponding to different pairs of projectile-target are calculated, and the consistency of the relative test data and numerical results is observed.     

圆柱形装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散特性

为了增强柱形战斗部轴向威力,在无壳柱形战斗部底面布置单层离散的预制破片.开展圆柱形TNT装药驱动轴向预制破片飞散试验,获得预制破片的最大初速、飞散角等特征参数;运用LS-DYNA软件对装药驱动预制破片过程进行数值模拟,阐述预制破片群飞散过程;对装药驱动整体平板理论计算公式进行改进,获得预制破片的最大初速.结果表明:破片...     

稀薄气体动理论中介观尺度数值模拟的加速方法

针对滑移流、早期过渡流区域采用离散速度法(discrete velocity method, DVM)求解Boltzmann方程收敛速度极慢、计算资源消耗大的难题,提出全流场耦合介观/宏观方程加速方法。在介观层面基于有限差分的DVM求解Boltzmann方程,在宏观层面基于有限体积的压力耦合方程组半隐式方法求解矩方程,充分利用纳维-斯托克斯-傅里叶/R26矩方程在低克努森数下的快速收敛特性,对介观方程进行加速。基于高阶Hermite多项式重构分布函数,完成宏观方程与介观方程之间的数据传输。仿真结果表明:全流场耦合介观/宏观方程的加速方法在滑移流、早期过渡流区域具有显著加速性能,最大降低了95.28%的计算时长;但对中、大克努森数流域,加速性能大幅度下降。