Some probability functions in reliability and their applications

There has been much research on the general failure model recently. In the general failure model, when the unit fails at its age t, Type I failure (minor failure) occurs with probability 1 ? p(t) and Type II failure (catastrophic failure) occurs with probability p(t). In the previous research, some specific shapes (constant, non‐decreasing, or bathtub‐shape) on the probability function p(t) are assumed. In this article, general results on some probability functions are obtained and applied to study the shapes of p(t). The results are also applied to determining the optimal inspection and allocation policies in maintenance problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

复合假设下导弹可靠性指标Bayes检验方法

在用Bayes方法对海防战术导弹可靠性指标进行假设检验时,原假设和对立假设均采用简单假设的形式,而此种方法可能导致使用方Bayes风险增大。从理论上阐述了简单假设Bayes检验方法可能导致使用方Bayes风险增大的原因,同时给出了用于取代简单假设的复合假设Bayes检验方法,并用实例证明了它比简单假设Bayes检验方法科学、合理。     

边检执勤执法风险评估制度的实践反思及理论建构

边检执勤执法风险评估是理论研究缺失下的制度实践,为避免出现“形式化”、“走过场”的弊病,亟须对其进行系统反思,并对风险评估制度的基本范畴、合理根基、合法来源、体系构成及目前实践中存在的问题以及改进的空间进行研究,在理论上构建并完善边检执勤执法风险评估制度,以进一步指导和完善边检机关风险评估工作实践。     

Designing acceptance sampling schemes for life testing with mixed censoring

Mixed censoring is useful extension of Type I and Type II censoring and combines some advantages of both types of censoring. This paper proposes a general Bayesian framework for designing a variable acceptance sampling scheme with mixed censoring. A general loss function which includes the sampling cost, the time‐consuming cost, the salvage value, and the decision loss is employed to determine the Bayes risk and the corresponding optimal sampling plan. An explicit expression of the Bayes risk is derived. The new model can easily be adapted to create life testing models for different distributions. Specifically, two commonly used distributions including the exponential distribution and the Weibull distribution are considered with a special decision loss function. We demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to models with Type I or Type II censoring. Numerical examples are reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

多样化军事任务纪检监察工作的几个着力点

多样化军事任务纪检监察工作应把握以下着力点：把严格执行和维护各项纪律作为纪检监察工作的首要任务,确保部队令行禁止;把确保打赢作为纪检监察工作的根本目标,坚持正确的思想方法;把坚持依法执行任务作为纪检监察工作的重点环节,确保政策法规落到实处;把加强纪检监察队伍自身建设作为发挥职能作用的重要前提,建立完善的组织机构和工作机制。     

Efficient sequential decision‐making algorithms for container inspection operations

Following work of Stroud and Saeger (Proceedings of ISI, Springer Verlag, New York, 2006) and Anand et al. (Proceedings of Computer, Communication and Control Technologies, 2003), we formulate a port of entry inspection sequencing task as a problem of finding an optimal binary decision tree for an appropriate Boolean decision function. We report on new algorithms for finding such optimal trees that are more efficient computationally than those presented by Stroud and Saeger and Anand et al. We achieve these efficiencies through a combination of specific numerical methods for finding optimal thresholds for sensor functions and two novel binary decision tree search algorithms that operate on a space of potentially acceptable binary decision trees. The improvements enable us to analyze substantially larger applications than was previously possible. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

边防检查站信息安全建设问题探析

随着公安边防检查站信息化建设的不断推进,基层边防检查站暴露出了大量信息安全隐患,并发生了多起信息安全事故。针对边防检查站信息安全建设中普遍存在的问题,提出了提高官兵信息安全意识、构建信息安全技术人才保障体系、健全信息安全管理机构等措施,以期为边防检查站信息安全建设提供借鉴。     

An inspection game: Taking account of fulfillment probabilities of players' aims

This paper deals with an inspection game of customs and a smuggler. The customs can take two options of assigning a patrol or not. The smuggler has two strategies of shipping its cargo of contraband or not. Two players have several opportunities to take actions during a limited number of days. When both players do, there are some possibilities that the customs captures the smuggler and, simultaneously, the smuggler possibly makes a success of the smuggling. If the smuggler is captured or there remain no days for playing the game, the game ends. In this paper, we formulate the problem into a multi‐stage two‐person zero‐sum stochastic game and investigate some characteristics of the equilibrium solution, some of which are given in a closed form in a special case. There have been some studies so far on the inspection game. However, some consider the case that the smuggler has only one opportunity of smuggling or the perfect‐capture case that the customs can certainly arrest the smuggler on patrol, and others think of a recursive game without the probabilities of fulfilling the players' purposes. In this paper, we consider the inspection game taking account of the fulfillment probabilities of the players' aims. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

Non‐zero‐sum nonlinear network path interdiction with an application to inspection in terror networks

A simultaneous non‐zero‐sum game is modeled to extend the classical network interdiction problem. In this model, an interdictor (e.g., an enforcement agent) decides how much of an inspection resource to spend along each arc in the network to capture a smuggler. The smuggler (randomly) selects a commodity to smuggle—a source and destination pair of nodes, and also a corresponding path for traveling between the given pair of nodes. This model is motivated by a terrorist organization that can mobilize its human, financial, or weapon resources to carry out an attack at one of several potential target destinations. The probability of evading each of the network arcs nonlinearly decreases in the amount of resource that the interdictor spends on its inspection. We show that under reasonable assumptions with respect to the evasion probability functions, (approximate) Nash equilibria of this game can be determined in polynomial time; depending on whether the evasion functions are exponential or general logarithmically‐convex functions, exact Nash equilibria or approximate Nash equilibria, respectively, are computed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 139–153, 2017     

Variables inspection for SPC‐quarantined production

When a control chart signals an out‐of‐control condition for a production process, it may be desirable to “quarantine” all units produced since the last in‐control SPC sample. This paper presents an efficient procedure for variables inspection of such “SPC quarantined” product. A Bayesian sequential inspection procedure is developed which determines whether the out of control production is of acceptable quality. By inspecting the units in reverse of the order in which they were produced, the procedure is also capable of detecting the point at which the process went out of control, thus eliminating the need to inspect units produced prior to the onset of the out of control condition. Numerical examples are presented, and the performance characteristics of the procedure are demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 159–171, 2001