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331.
Standard approaches to classical inventory control problems treat satisfying a predefined demand level as a constraint. In many practical contexts, however, total demand is comprised of separate demands from different markets or customers. It is not always clear that constraining a producer to satisfy all markets is an optimal approach. Since the inventory‐related cost of an item depends on total demand volume, no clear method exists for determining a market's profitability a priori, based simply on per unit revenue and cost. Moreover, capacity constraints often limit a producer's ability to meet all demands. This paper presents models to address economic ordering decisions when a producer can choose whether to satisfy multiple markets. These models result in a set of nonlinear binary integer programming problems that, in the uncapacitated case, lend themselves to efficient solution due to their special structure. The capacitated versions can be cast as nonlinear knapsack problems, for which we propose a heuristic solution approach that is asymptotically optimal in the number of markets. The models generalize the classical EOQ and EPQ problems and lead to interesting optimization problems with intuitively appealing solution properties and interesting implications for inventory and pricing management. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004. 相似文献
332.
《战略研究杂志》2012,35(5):713-734
Abstract In contemporary counter-insurgency campaigns de-escalation is typically achieved by obtaining the local population's collaboration. The rationale underlying this approach is that such collaboration spawns control over the population and therefore weakens the insurgent's position. This article seeks to understand how this approach is practised in the reality of contemporary counter-insurgency warfare. In Iraq as well as Afghanistan counter-insurgents were confronted with fragmented indigenous societies in which the various local segments were dominated by local power-holders. Consequently, obtaining the local population's collaboration required co-option of these agents. As such a strategy of co-option is a highly localized approach, this article focuses on Afghanistan's Uruzgan province and analyzes the implementation of co-option by the Netherlands' Task Force Uruzgan (TFU), which operated there from 2006 to 2010. The analysis discusses how the counter-insurgents obtained a profound understanding of Uruzgan's societal landscape and how co-option of local power-holders became part of the counter-insurgency routine. In the end, co-option was successfully implemented as TFU even succeeded in obtaining the collaboration of previously marginalized elements of the population. However, as the methods employed for co-option were mainly of a persuasive nature, the TFU co-option strategy was less effective in containing the influence of notorious spoilers. Thus this case study provides an insight into the dynamics and limitations of co-option as a tool for de-escalation in contemporary counter-insurgency warfare. 相似文献
333.
This article is concerned with a general multi‐class multi‐server priority queueing system with customer priority upgrades. The queueing system has various applications in inventory control, call centers operations, and health care management. Through a novel design of Lyapunov functions, and using matrix‐analytic methods, sufficient conditions for the queueing system to be stable or instable are obtained. Bounds on the queue length process are obtained by a sample path method, with the help of an auxiliary queueing system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012 相似文献
334.
采用分相控制的UDVR主电路结构,利用瞬时波形比较法,基于三角波比较的delta增量逆变技术,建立了UDVR的PSCAD/EMTDC仿真模型,解决了低压配电网线路遭受雷击、绝缘子闪络等引发的单相接地故障在线路重合闸期间引发的电压跌落问题,保证了敏感负荷在此期间的持续供电的电能质量.仿真结果表明:模型建立正确,控制方法可行. 相似文献
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根据UML/OCL和建模环境提供的软件模型信息,以一个武器装备管理信息系统的装备入库顺序图为例,在分析UML/OCL顺序图的语法和对象间的交互信息的基础上产生测试场景,提供了一种基于UML/OCL的面向对象的软件测试方法,并提出测试自动化的设想,对软件测试有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
338.
基于仿真互操作标准组织(Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization,SISO)C4ISR/M&S互操作技术参考模型和高层体系结构(High Level Architecture,HLA),C4ISR/M&S互操作HLA仿真设施为架构仿真系统运行体系提出了面向方面框架(Aspect Oriented Framework,AOF)和应用服务平台的技术.AOF能控制C4ISR/M&S互操作所引起的仿真系统结构复杂化,应用服务平台则能丰富仿真系统的运行环境,仿真设施可作为仿真系统通用运行体系的基础组件,支持复杂互操作系统开发. 相似文献
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Ying Yuan Zhen-yang Liu Suo He Chao Ge Qing-bo Yu Yuan-feng Zheng Hai-fu Wang 《防务技术》2021,17(5):1687-1698
In this paper, the ballistic impact experiments, including impact test chamber and impact double-spaced plates, were conducted to study the reaction behaviors of a novel functionally graded reactive material (FGRM), which was composed of polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al) and PTFE/Al/bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3). The experiments showed that the impact direction of the FGRM had a significant effect on the reaction. With the same impact velocity, when the first impact material was PTFE/Al/Bi2O3, compared with first impact material PTFE/Al, the FGRM induced higher overpressure in the test chamber and larger damaged area of double-spaced plates. The theoretical model, which considered the shock wave generation and propagation, the effect of the shock wave on reaction efficiency, and penetration behaviors, was developed to analyze the reaction behaviors of the FGRM. The model predicted first impact material of the FGRM with a higher shock impedance was conducive to the reaction of reactive materials. The conclusion of this study provides significant information about the design and application of reactive materials. 相似文献