Initiating insurgencies abroad: French plans to ‘chouannise’ Britain and Ireland, 1793–1798

Secret French plans to launch guerrilla-style raids on the British Isles devised in the spring of 1796 were referred to as ‘chouanneries’. The name and concept behind these small-war operations were modelled on the irregular tactics used by the Chouan rebels in the Vendée, which the French state army had brutally quashed, but some wished to transfer into their institutional practice. Part of France's ongoing military strategy in the war against Britain, which included fomenting insurrection in Ireland, these irregular operations were to be manned partially by pardoned deserters and released convicts and prisoners of war. Of these, only Tate's brief invasion of Wales in 1797 was realised, but the surviving plans provide insightful historical lessons into an Anglophobic mindset shared by a small network of practitioners and policy deciders on the effectiveness of such shock and awe tactics. Largely motivated by the desire to take revenge for Britain's support of counter-revolutionaries in the Vendée, these plans could more aptly be referred to as counter-‘chouanneries’.     

一种基于语义关系的情感词典自动构建方法

构建英文情感词典研究相对成熟,形成了丰富可靠的词典资源。而针对中文的研究时间短,中文情感分析词典资源较少。借鉴现有可靠的英文词典资源,提出了基于语义关系的情感词典自动构建算法,算法先从HowNet的概念中进行中文义原和词语抽取及语义分析,再利用HowNet概念中DEF中英文属性值,在英文情感词典SentWordNet中进行义原和词语情感值查询,最后根据词语和义原之间的语义关系进行词语的情感值计算。算法直接利用现有的英文情感词典,无需人工标注,生成的情感词典记录了词语的语义关系、情感极性值等多种信息,弥补了现有词典的不足。评测实验结果表明,根据算法实现的情感词典相比其他词典在准确率接近的情况下,召回率和F值最高,取得了较好的评测性能。     

非相干背景光辐照二波耦合中的最佳匹配随机共振

针对非相干背景光辐照二波耦合中参数的最佳匹配设计问题,提出了一种基于随机共振理论的研究方法。首先,文章通过二波耦合过程进行物理机理分析和数值实验分析,证明了该问题在本质上可归结为一种随机共振现象。其次,从随机共振的角度,研究其中的最佳参数设计问题,给出了一种分布处理的最优参数设计流程。按照该方法,在给定增益要求的情况下,先根据信号光饱和与否来确定晶体长度,最后根据非相干光的比例对增益的影响来确定非相干光的比例。仿真实验表明,经过最佳参数设计后,信号的增益和输出信噪比上均有显著提高。     

基于U变换的空间站交会调相非线性协方差分析方法

针对空间站交会调相过程中的长时间偏差传播问题,提出一种基于U变换的协方差分析方法 UTCAM。在给出空间站交会轨道调相策略和轨道机动参数计算方法后,对UTCAM的原理和流程进行了介绍,通过和STK以及Monte-Carlo的对比验证表明,UTCAM与该两种分析方法的协方差相对误差均在1.2%以内,且计算耗时仅为Monte-Carlo的1/460,可快速准确地实现非线性系统的均值和协方差预报。最后基于UTCAM对长达20天的空间站交会调相的偏差传播进行了分析,并采用Monte-Carlo仿真对其分析结果进行了验证,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Assessing the value of demand sharing in supply chains

We consider the problem of assessing the value of demand sharing in a multistage supply chain in which the retailer observes stationary autoregressive moving average demand with Gaussian white noise (shocks). Similar to previous research, we assume each supply chain player constructs its best linear forecast of the leadtime demand and uses it to determine the order quantity via a periodic review myopic order‐up‐to policy. We demonstrate how a typical supply chain player can determine the extent of its available information in the presence of demand sharing by studying the properties of the moving average polynomials of adjacent supply chain players. The retailer's demand is driven by the random shocks appearing in the autoregressive moving average representation for its demand. Under the assumptions we will make in this article, to the retailer, knowing the shock information is equivalent to knowing the demand process (assuming that the model parameters are also known). Thus (in the event of sharing) the retailer's demand sequence and shock sequence would contain the same information to the retailer's supplier. We will show that, once we consider the dynamics of demand propagation further up the chain, it may be that a player's demand and shock sequences will contain different levels of information for an upstream player. Hence, we study how a player can determine its available information under demand sharing, and use this information to forecast leadtime demand. We characterize the value of demand sharing for a typical supply chain player. Furthermore, we show conditions under which (i) it is equivalent to no sharing, (ii) it is equivalent to full information shock sharing, and (iii) it is intermediate in value to the two previously described arrangements. Although it follows from existing literature that demand sharing is equivalent to full information shock sharing between a retailer and supplier, we demonstrate and characterize when this result does not generalize to upstream supply chain players. We then show that demand propagates through a supply chain where any player may share nothing, its demand, or its full information shocks (FIS) with an adjacent upstream player as quasi‐ARMA in—quasi‐ARMA out. We also provide a convenient form for the propagation of demand in a supply chain that will lend itself to future research applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 515–531, 2014     

Poachers turned gamekeepers: A study of the guerrilla phenomenon in Spain, 1808–1840

This article modifies the associations made by historians and political scientists of Spanish guerrilla warfare with revolutionary insurgency. First, it explains how the guerrilla phenomenon moved from a Leftist to a reactionary symbol. Second, it compares the insurgency and counter-insurgency features of the Carlist War (1833–1840) with those of the better-known Peninsular War (1808–1814). Third, it shows how erstwhile guerrilla leaders during the Carlist War made their expertise available to the counter-insurgency, in a socio-economic as well as military setting. This article revises the social banditry paradigm in nineteenth-century Spain in the under-researched context of Europe bloodiest nineteenth-century civil war.     

舰艇编队防空过程建模及分析

防空作战是大型水面舰艇编队的主要作战样式之一。运用PEPA(性能评价过程代数)方法对舰艇编队防空作战全过程进行有效建模,形式化描述了预警探测、情报传递、命令下达、防空拦截等作战主要过程。建立的PEPA模型具有层次化结构,考虑了要素间相互协作,体现了编队防空作战分布、并发的特点。通过对建立的PEPA模型进行性能指标选择和稳定状态分析,得到了不同因素对编队能力发挥的影响情况,获得了防空作战的基本要素组成,从而提供了一种解决舰艇编队问题的新方法。     

多态的大功率可控硅开关功率放大器的仿真

为了满足远距离海底探测对发射信号大功率的需求,选用了一种大功率可控硅开关功率放大器。在临界换流、自然换流和强迫换流3种工作状态下,分析了该功率放大器的工作原理,并建立了等效电路模型。运用Or CAD仿真了临界换流状态时的等效电路模型;在自然换流状态和强迫换流状态下,为获得功放电流值和负载电流值,对其等效电路模型分别建立了非线性数学模型,并通过Matlab和VC++采用四阶Runge-Kutta法对非线性数学模型进行求解。以上方法能够求得该功率放大器电路在任意时刻、任意点处的电流电压值,能较客观、真实地反映电路的工作状况,对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

不确定数据流多维建模方法*

由于不确定数据流应用的出现,给传统的精确、静态数据环境下的多维建模带来了巨大挑战。针对不确定数据流动态、无限和不确定等特征,提出了一种不确定数据流多维模型。该模型中引入了不确定对象来描述不确定事实元组,并且通过定义时间维度的层次时间窗口,很好地反映了数据流的动态性和无限性,最后还对此多维不确定数据流模型的基本代数操作和分析代数操作进行了形式化定义,为不确定数据流多维查询与分析提供了理论依据。     

某型运载火箭地震响应分析及减震设计

竖立状态的运载火箭一旦遭遇地震,极易造成箭体倾倒等灾难性后果。为了确保运载火箭在地震中的安全,针对某型运载火箭,采用时程分析法对其进行地震响应分析,得到了火箭的弯矩、位移响应峰值沿箭体纵向的分布规律。分析了火箭关键位置处弯矩响应的频域特性,设计了火箭的减震措施,并分析了火箭与发射台的连接刚度、隔震支座刚度对火箭地震响应的影响规律。结果表明:火箭弯矩响应的最大值发生在靠近火箭尾段的位置,位移响应的最大值发生在火箭头部位置;改变火箭与发射台连接刚度以及在发射台底部加装隔震支座的方式可以有效地减小火箭的地震响应。