Flow‐shop batch scheduling with identical processing‐time jobs

In many practical situations of production scheduling, it is either necessary or recommended to group a large number of jobs into a relatively small number of batches. A decision needs to be made regarding both the batching (i.e., determining the number and the size of the batches) and the sequencing (of batches and of jobs within batches). A setup cost is incurred whenever a batch begins processing on a given machine. This paper focuses on batch scheduling of identical processing‐time jobs, and machine‐ and sequence‐independent setup times on an m‐machine flow‐shop. The objective is to find an allocation to batches and their schedule in order to minimize flow‐time. We introduce a surprising and nonintuitive solution for the problem. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Two‐machine flow shop no‐wait scheduling with a nonavailability interval

We study a two‐machine flow shop scheduling problem with no‐wait in process, in which one of the machines is not available during a specified time interval. We consider three scenarios of handing the operation affected by the nonavailability interval. Its processing may (i) start from scratch after the interval, or (ii) be resumed from the point of interruption, or (iii) be partially restarted after the interval. The objective is to minimize the makespan. We present an approximation algorithm that for all these scenarios delivers a worst‐case ratio of 3/2. For the second scenario, we offer a 4/3‐approximation algorithm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

Adaptive phasefield modelling of crack propagation in orthotropic functionally graded materials

In this work, we extend the recently proposed adaptive phase field method to model fracture in orthotropic functionally graded materials (FGMs). A recovery type error indicator combined with quadtree decomposition is employed for adaptive mesh refinement. The proposed approach is capable of capturing the fracture process with a localized mesh refinement that provides notable gains in computational efficiency. The implementation is validated against experimental data and other nu-merical experiments on orthotropic materials with different material orientations. The results reveal an increase in the stiffness and the maximum force with increasing material orientation angle. The study is then extended to the analysis of orthotropic FGMs. It is observed that, if the gradation in fracture properties is neglected, the material gradient plays a secondary role, with the fracture behaviour being dominated by the orthotropy of the material. However, when the toughness increases along the crack propagation path, a substantial gain in fracture resistance is observed.     

平板湍流边界层内气泡流流动实验研究

在低湍流度水槽里 ,利用片光源显示了平板气液两相湍流边界层内气泡流的流场结构 ,研究了平板安装位置、来流速度、喷气方式等参数对湍流边界层内气泡流的影响 .利用激光测速技术测量了平板水平放置时气泡流最外缘处的水平速度及厚度 .结果表明 :平板喷气减阻的原因在于喷气改变了平板湍流边界层的流动结构 ,抑制了湍流     

ADTA——数据流覆盖测试工具

介绍了基于汇编语言的数据流自动测试工具ADTA(Automatic Dataflow TestFor Assembly     

气动光学效应中调制传递函数的计算方法

从Maxwell方程出发 ,推导了光在湍流中传播的调制传递函数的计算公式。依据折射率起伏相关函数的两种形式 ,计算了光学相位差。根据湍流的动能和动能耗散率输运方程 ,建立了折射率起伏方差的计算模型。最后 ,指出了文中所给公式的适用范围 ,对更好地进行调制传递函数的计算提出了建议。     

横观各向同性压电材料中的运动螺位错

考虑横观各向同性压电材料中螺位错的亚音速运动问题。应用复变函数方法 ,得到了运动螺位错产生的电弹场的解析解。当螺位错的运动速度为零时 ,其解便退化成由Pak给出的静止螺位错产生的电弹场。     

求解传感器网络最大生存时间的最大流算法

节能是传感器网络研究的中心问题之一,目的是延长网络的生存时间。因此对于一个给定网络,很自然地关心它的最大生存时间是多少。从网络最大流的角度分析这个问题,给出了求解传感器网络最大生存时间确切值的算法。     

非对称通气空泡多相流场特性研究

通气空泡的非对称介质分布将影响其水动力特性,继而影响空泡稳定控制,目前对其流动特性的认识较为局限。为揭示非对称通气空泡的流动机理,基于循环水洞实验及数值仿真开展了多相流场特性研究。结果表明：非对称流动导致空泡形成非对称沾湿区,依据流动介质的不同,非对称沾湿区可分为透明气相区、水气混合区及沾湿区。水气混合边界由底端母线向顶端母线发展过程中,滞止高压减小,空泡厚度增加,液体进入空泡内部方式从主要由轴向进入转化为主要由周向进入,同时水气混合物在来流作用下逐渐聚集,水气混合区面积随之增大。随着空泡闭合点逐渐靠近顶端母线,沿周向流动的液体层发展至顶端母线,顶端母线处则形成低速、高压、水气掺混区,湍流特性增强,并伴有大量细碎空泡涡的脱落。