高速行进坦克身管速度对射击精度影响

坦克在高速行进时,由于路面谱等外部激励的影响,车体姿态和运动状态都会发生变化。由于车体的振动和随动系统的控制误差等,致使坦克火炮在射击时身管前端存在一定的速度扰动。原有解命中问题的条件中未考虑这一速度扰动的影响,使得坦克在高速行进条件下的目标提前点预测产生误差。通过建立外弹道模型,较准确地仿真分析了这一误差的大小和对射击精度的影响。     

海水声速快速高精度测量方法

为实现对海水声速快速、高精度的测量,采用一种系统结构简单的声速测量方案。通过连续波信号参数估计的方法实现了对声传播时间和声速值的测量。采用伪随机序列对连续波进行调制处理,解决了单频连续波信号在测量中存在的整周期模糊与回波干扰问题。通过构建声速试验平台,进行了系统校准与测量试验。试验结果表明该方法具有测量精度高、响应快速的优点,适合于在水下机动平台上对海洋声速剖面进行快速、高精度的测量。     

声速有限条件下的纯方位方法

针对纯方位条件下对等速直航目标运动要素的观测问题,考虑声音在海水中传播时间的作用,建立了计算可观测目标方位的解析公式。基于平均声速为有限常数的假设,证明了即使观测站静止,运动要素也一般是可观测的。在观测误差为独立同分布零均值正态随机误差的假设条件下,证明了由方位观测误差的最小二乘法给出的估计为极大似然估计。仿真实验表明,观测站转向及直航机动条件下此方法对应的目标运动要素的观测度较传统方法有显著改进。     

Effect of the end cap on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge

The prediction of the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps is one of the key issues to assess the damage efficiency of the warhead. However, limited work has been con-ducted to predict the fragment velocity distributions along the axis of cylindrical cased charges with end caps. This paper presents a study of the velocity distribution of fragments caused by the explosion of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps. The fragment velocity distribution and the end cap velocity were determined by an X-ray radiography method, and the axial fragment distribution was determined by witness plates. It was found that the velocities of fragments, especially near the edge, were increased when the end caps were added, and the position of maximum velocity is closer to the non-detonation end. The fragment velocities were increased, and the fragment projection range was decreased with the increase of the thickness of the end cap. A formula for fragment velocity distributions of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps, which is based on Huang's formula, was proposed by the theoretical analysis and data fitting and validated experimentally. The results indicate that the proposed formula is accurate in predicting the fragment velocity distribution along the axis of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps detonated at one end.     

高空气球地面充氦气量计算方法分析与试验评估

作为高空气球研究中的一个重要问题,气球在地面发放前充入的氦气量会直接影响其上升速度和驻空高度,进而影响平台的可靠性和稳定性。因此研究充氦气量的准确计算方法十分必要。建立了高空气球上升过程动力学模型,计算了气球初始升速的理论值,用于与实际初始升速对比,为评估充氦气量计算方法提供依据。归纳了三种较为典型的高空气球地面充氦气量计算方法,根据实际开展的飞行试验,分析对比了三种方法的准确性和误差范围。提出了浮力补偿规律,完成了对三种方法的评估。通过研究可以对现有充氦气量计算方法进行有效修正,进而为高空气球的实际飞行提供指导。