船舶水下电场的预测方法

为了实现对船舶水下电场信号目标特征的控制,提出一种信号预测的方法。对测得的信号进行小波分解并分别在静电场和轴频电场频段进行重构。对高频的轴频电场信号构建自回归预测模型,对低频的静电场信号以灰色GM(1,1)模型进行拟合。将预测结果进行叠加得到对下一时刻电场信号的预测值。实测数据对该方法的检验结果表明:用该方法对船舶水下电场进行预测,电场的预测误差在原信号幅值的20%以内。     

Right Intention and the Ends of War

The jus ad bellum criterion of right intention (CRI) is a central guiding principle of just war theory. It asserts that a country’s resort to war is just only if that country resorts to war for the right reasons. However, there is significant confusion, and little consensus, about how to specify the CRI. We seek to clear up this confusion by evaluating several distinct ways of understanding the criterion. On one understanding, a state’s resort to war is just only if it plans to adhere to the principles of just war while achieving its just cause. We argue that the first understanding makes the CRI superfluous, because it can be subsumed under the probability of success criterion. On a second understanding, a resort to war is just only if a state’s motives, which explain its resort to war, are of the right kind. We argue that this second understanding of the CRI makes it a significant further obstacle to justifying war. However, this second understanding faces a possible infinite regress problem, which, left unresolved, leaves us without a plausible interpretation of the CRI. This constitutes a significant and novel reason for leaving the CRI out of the international law of armed conflict (LOAC).     

基于协方差矩阵估计的稳健Capon波束形成算法

常规Capon波束形成器性能对模型误差或失配非常敏感,尤其是当期望信号包含在训练数据中,导向矢量失配将引起性能急剧下降。为解决这一问题,提出了一种采用干扰噪声协方差矩阵和导向矢量联合估计的稳健波束形成算法。该方法通过对Capon空间谱在非目标信号的方位区域内的积分,实现对干扰噪声协方差矩阵的估计,解决数据协方差矩阵包含有目标信号时引起信号自相消问题;其次为了克服导向矢量失配的影响,通过最大化输出功率,并增加二次型约束防止估计的导向矢量接近于干扰导向矢量,实现对导向矢量的估计。仿真实验表明:该算法能获得近似最优的输出信干噪比,与现有算法相比稳健性更强。     

基于多目标优化的任务计划建模及方法

针对任务计划在进行多目标优化时采用进化算法求解效率较低的问题,设计了一种结合分组策略的非支配排序遗传(NSGA-Ⅱ)算法,可以快速有效地得到合理的分组结果。基于分组结果,调整NSGA-Ⅱ算法的步骤,灵活地进行种群初始化,使最终分配结果各优化的目标有了明显的改善,提高了算法的效率。通过实验分析,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于PSO算法的脉冲修正弹控制参数优化*

针对脉冲修正弹自身控制离散不连续特征,开展了脉冲修正弹脉冲控制参数优化设计方法研究。考虑到脉冲成本和精度的双重要求,选择以脉冲发动机工作次数和脱靶量最少为双目标函数,并在风干扰的条件下,提出了以脉冲控制时间间隔为离散脉冲控制参数设计变量建立优化模型,以此发展了一种改进型递减惯性权重粒子群优化脉冲控制参数的方法,提高了修正参数优化收敛速度。仿真结果表明,该算法能快速有效地获得最优解,为在干扰条件下寻找最优的脉冲修正参数和脉冲工作方式提供了一种优化设计思路。     

基于逆合成孔径成像激光雷达的自旋小目标成像系统

为了获得毫米级自旋小目标的清晰成像,采用逆合成孔径成像激光雷达技术设计了基于距离向数据与方位向数据相融合的图像重建系统。系统采用大带宽、窄线宽光纤激光器配合调制器实现激光脉冲的线性调频,利用光外差原理对回波信号进行采集处理。结合自旋目标的运动特性,给出了含有自旋分量的回波信号函数方程,并将该分量引入传统的R-D算法中实现了对自旋目标的ISAIL二维图像的重建。实验采用毫米级铝条构成被测小目标,通过步进电机及带倾角的转台完成运动及自旋模拟。实验结果显示,当目标固定时,可通过回波能量数据获得一维距离向图像,与被测目标的4个特征点位置一致。当目标运动时,通过数据压缩并代入自旋参量,最后通过R-D算法可以获得可识别的ISAIL二维图像,验证了系统符合自旋小目标成像的设计要求。     

军事无线通信抗干扰装备及技术发展

以经典扩跳频抗干扰通信技术为切入点,综述了外军短波、超短波战术通信和数据链领域抗干扰装备和技术的发展现状,在此基础上,对通信抗干扰技术未来发展趋势进行了分析和预测。     

对调频斜率极性捷变SAR欠采样转发干扰

针对传统欺骗干扰难以对调频斜率极性捷变SAR（chirp rate polarity jittered SAR, CRPJ-SAR）形成有效干扰,研究了对CRPJ-SAR欠采样转发干扰。通过建立CRPJ-SAR有限时长欠采样转发干扰信号模型,分析了欠采样转发干扰对CRPJ-SAR的干扰效果。给出假目标数目、位置以及幅度的理论计算公式。在此基础上讨论了欠采样周期对干扰效果的影响。利用数字仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。     

备件冷储备方案下装备群任务可靠性建模

针对具有相同结构功能的装备群系统可靠性评估问题,根据任务周期内对装备完好数的要求,合理表示了系统状态转移过程。以部件任务期间状态变化为研究对象,将系统等效表示为多阶段任务系统,即串行k/N(G)系统。在确定系统可行状态过程基础上,分别建立了部件寿命分布在3种不同情形下的系统任务可靠性模型,并分析了备件冷储备方案的影响。为确定系统任务期间备件携带量提供决策支持,最后给出了一个应用实例。     

When Programming Trumps Policy and Plans: The Case of the US Department of the Navy11

Traditionally, policy and planning have been institutionally weak in the Naval Staff (Office of the Chief of Naval Operations – OPNAV). In their place, the N8 (Programming) has dominated resource decision-making, and, by default, decisions relating to policy and planning. Recent uncertainty over defense authorization and appropriations has resulted in calls for a greater role to be played by the N3/5, Policy and Plans Directorate. The article argues that reform of the Department of the Navy’s planning process is urgently needed. OPNAV’s weak planning and overly dominant programming practices are compared with those of the Departments of the Army and Air Force and are shown to be out of conformance with them. The article concludes with specific and detailed recommendations for reform of both the current planning and programming processes.