At war with social theory: Instrumental and communicative action in US military doctrine during the War on Terror

As US counterinsurgency campaigns draw to a close, doctrine for asymmetric warfare written during the War on Terror has come under heavy criticism. While many have argued that this shift to ‘winning hearts and minds’ is evidence that the United States is taking humanitarianism and nation-building seriously, others argue that a wide gap exists between US counterinsurgency doctrine and the protection of civilians afflicted by conflict. In this article, I show that the latter is true by comparing theories of instrumental and communicative action to US doctrine for operational design, stability operations, and counterinsurgency. I argue that these texts treat the people as an object to be manipulated for the achievement of pre-determined self-interested strategic goals rather than members of a community that jointly designs operations to fulfill shared objectives. However, US doctrine does contain communicative elements that, if prioritized, would better support humanitarian and state-building objectives otherwise subordinated in the War on Terror.     

UUV编队协同搜索静止目标的准最优方法

考虑到操作的简单性且实际执行搜索任务时搜索力不是无限可分,将连续空间的搜索问题转换为离散空间的最优搜索问题。通过划分网格,将连续的目标位置分布离散化。根据最优搜索理论,提出了单个无人水下航行器的准最优随机搜索方法,较好地逼近理论最优值。并以此为基础,分析了无人水下航行器编队的3种协同搜索方法:集中最优搜索、分散最大概率搜索和准最优搜索。最后通过实例仿真,得出了编队准最优搜索策略的有效性、优越性和可操作性。此方法将对无人水下航行器编队的战法研究具有参考借鉴意义。     

EDITOR'S NOTE

This article offers a survey of risks that might arise for strategic stability (defined as a situation with a low probability of major-power war) with the reduction of US and Russian nuclear arsenals to “low numbers” (defined as 1,000 or fewer nuclear weapons on each side). These risks might include US anti-cities targeting strategies that are harmful to the credibility of extended deterrence; renewed European anxiety about a US-Russian condominium; greater vulnerability to Russian noncompliance with agreed obligations; incentives to adopt destabilizing “launch-on-warning” strategies; a potential stimulus to nuclear proliferation; perceptions of a US disengagement from extended deterrence; increased likelihood of non-nuclear arms competitions and conflicts; and controversial pressures on the UK and French nuclear forces. Observers in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) states who consider such risks significant have cited four possible measures that might help to contain them: sustained basing of US nonstrategic nuclear weapons in Europe; maintaining a balanced US strategic nuclear force posture; high-readiness means to reconstitute US nuclear forces; and enhanced US and allied non-nuclear military capabilities. These concrete measures might complement the consultations with the NATO allies that the United States would in all likelihood seek with respect to such important adjustments in its deterrence and defense posture.     

US Advanced Conventional Systems and Conventional Prompt Global Strike Ambitions:

ABSTRACT

The dangers and risks of employing a Conventional Prompt Global Strike (CPGS) capability greatly exceed the benefits. More suitable, if less prompt, alternatives exist to deal with fleeting targets. Even a niche CPGS capability—consisting of approximately twenty systems—carries risks, to say nothing of proposals to develop hundreds or more. Most dangerously, CPGS could stir the pre-emption pot, particularly vis-à-vis states that correctly perceive to be within the gunsights of US CPGS weapons; other states, too, may feel emboldened to emulate this US precedent and undertake their own form of prompt, long-range strike capability. Compressed circumstances surrounding such a scenario could foster unwanted erratic behavior, including the misperception that the threatening missile carries a nuclear weapon. But the true Achilles's heel of the CPGS concept is the unprecedented demands it places on the intelligence community to provide decision makers with “exquisite” intelligence within an hour timeframe. Such compressed conditions leave decision makers with virtually no time to appraise the direct—and potentially unintended—consequences of their actions.     

系统仿真中的模型校核问题

分析了由模型到仿真程序的问题的基本原因,指出了模型校核的必要性。对模型校核中的稳定性问题、系统状态不连贯问题和代数环问题进行了阐述和分析。针对一个二阶线性连续系统模型的离散化,通过模型校核,发现了隐含其中的稳定性问题,进而指出了相关稳定性理论在应用上的局限性,给出了解决此稳定性问题的方法,并最终通过模型校核,确认了该解决方法的有效,从而保证了对该二阶连续系统的精确的离散化。     

强磁场环境模拟系统线圈支架设计及力学仿真

强电磁冲击环境的核心执行机构是线圈,除保障强磁环境发生线圈的电磁特性外,还须确保线圈支架具有充足的机械特性。在完成对线圈磁电设计的基础上,根据线圈的三维结构图、材料配置、质量分布、各零部件之间连接方式以及线圈固定方式等,建立线圈支架结构整体系统有限元计算模型,对线圈支架系统进行静力、稳定性数值计算分析,并校核联接件强度,为线圈支架结构提供参考依据。对实用大型强磁冲击系统所用线圈整体的力学结构进行设计分析,应用背景较新,且仿真计算过程严格按照实际搭建尺寸进行,具有高度的一致性,为后续搭建强磁环境发生装置提供坚实基础。     

一类具有变种群总数的SEIRS传染病模型的控制设计

讨论一类种群总数变化的传染病模型的控制问题。在SEIRS模型里,通过设计反馈控制律来改变基本再生数。在疾病肆虐爆发期,即基本再生数时,合理利用控制手段,从而达到遏制或减缓疾病蔓延的目的。这里采取的控制策略为既控制传播率又控制感染率的综合控制策略。     

旋转弹控制系统结构与弹体静稳定特性研究

采用劳斯稳定判别法,结合某旋转弹的实际控制结构和弹体特性,对不同控制结构对静稳定度适应程度进行了分析,重点研究了不同的控制系统回路结构对弹体稳定特性的适应能力,为旋转弹控制系统设计提供更有针对性的参考。     

喷雾式防火分隔水幕稳定性仿真

以单个喷雾式水幕喷头为研究对象,利用 Fluent 中离散相模型对不同压力下的喷雾水幕的工作稳定性进行了研究,计算了不同工作压力下水雾粒子的粒径分布和在气流作用下的偏移情况,分析了不同粒径粒子的速度衰减特性。研究表明：环境气流对水幕的稳定性影响很大,特别是粒径在200μm 以下的水雾粒子极容易受气流影响。在一定空间高度下,提高工作压力,可以使喷雾平均粒径变小,使之分布更均匀,有利于提高水幕的隔热性能;当空间高度超过一定范围后,水雾粒子速度急剧下降,增加工作压力水幕稳定性会降低。