印度外空技术试验受到的压制、影响及其对策研究

印度开展外空技术试验遭受了来自国际舆论的谴责、强国遏制与外空法约束等多个方面的压力.当今世界航天大国都在竞相开展外空技术试验.当各国面临相似的问题时,应尽快开展研究,找出如何以合理的理由、灵活的手段开展试验,同时集结优势力量开展国际合作.本文深入分析主要航天国家对印度开展外空试验的主要压制手段,以此剖析印度外空技术试验...     

Lot sizing with learning and forgetting in setups: Analytical results and insights

This article considers the dynamic lot sizing problem when there is learning and forgetting in setups. Learning in setups takes place with repetition when additional setups are made and forgetting takes place when there is a break between two successive setups. We allow the amount forgotten over a break to depend both on the length of the break and the amount of learning at the beginning of the break. The learning and forgetting functions we use are realistic. We present several analytical results and use these in developing computationally efficient algorithms for solving the problem. Some decision/forecast horizon results are also developed, and finally we present managerial insights based on our computational results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 93–108, 2016     

新疆地方教材中公民教育的价值取向分析

公民教育目前已经成为我国理论与实践关注的重要领域。《新疆》作为新疆维吾尔自治区义务教育阶段的地方教材,在了解新疆历史、地理和各民族发展等区情方面发挥了积极的作用。地方教材是否具备公民教育理念和内容,以及在多大程度上体现了公民教育的核心内涵。文章采用内容分析的方法对新疆地方教材进行研究,揭示教材的积极方面和存在问题,为地方教材的进一步完善提供参考,进而促进新疆少数民族地区基础教育的发展。     

全面深化改革要把握好“胆子要大与步子要稳”的辩证关系

“胆子要大与步子要稳”,是习总书记论述全面深化改革要处理好的五对重要关系的其中一个。胆子要大,步子要稳,是过去改革开放实践的成功经验,是当前全面深化改革的科学指南,也是深化国防和军队改革的原则要求。推进全面深化改革,必须把握好“胆子要大与步子要稳”的辩证关系。     

THE EFFECTS ON SOUTH ASIA OF DEEP US NUCLEAR REDUCTIONS

Significant nuclear reductions by the United States can affect other states in one of five ways: by directly altering their strategic calculations and postures; by indirectly altering their strategic calculations and postures by affecting the behavior of third-party states; by undermining formal US deterrence commitments; by eroding the United States's perceived ability to provide “informal” deterrence through the maintenance of an active global presence; and by creating normative pressure for states to emulate US nuclear reductions. Only the erosion of “informal” deterrence is likely to affect South Asia; to the extent that significant US nuclear reductions affect South Asia, then, their impact is likely to be destabilizing.     

WARFARE IN A NEW DOMAIN: THE ETHICS OF MILITARY CYBER-OPERATIONS

While most normative evaluations of military cyber-operations have emerged from the legal community, this article assesses the legitimacy of such operations from a philosophical-ethical perspective. After reviewing the relationship between rights forfeiture and the jus ad bellum and jus in bello criteria of the just war tradition, it applies these criteria to several aspects of cyber-operations, including responses to cyber-activities, the use of cyber-capabilities affecting combatants and civilians, and the use of these capabilities by contractors. Finally, it briefly addresses the legitimacy of limiting rights to privacy and anonymity in service of preventing cyber-harm.     

Missile systems: “Flexible modularity” and incremental technological change in military production∗

It is often stated that technological change in the military field is characterised by the introduction of radical innovations rather than by incremental processes of technological change. This article illustrates the diversity of military innovation by arguing that technological change in missiles systems is dominated by incremental change. While some large weapons platforms display the design rigidities normally associated with complex systems, missiles are characterised by “flexible modularity”. Flexible modularity facilitates the continuous introduction of upgrades, and makes missile systems amenable to gradual technological change. Besides, it has significant implications for the future role of missile systems, and poses special problems for missile disarmament and technology control initiatives.     

India–Africa defence cooperation against the backdrop of the ‘Make in India’ initiative

Although India is a major importer of defence equipment, it has also been manufacturing defence equipment for some of its needs. The Government of India’s ambitious ‘Make in India’ initiative for the defence sector aims to achieve self reliance in defence equipment production. This essay explores the opportunities for bilateral arms trade between India and Africa, as a new facet of India-Africa defence cooperation. It covers India’s arms export policy, policy reforms in India’s defence sector, and the opportunities for Indian and African defence markets.     

India nuclear weapons: No first use or no full disclosure?

This article argues India is laying the foundation to move away from “no-first-use” (NFU) as its nuclear weapons employment policy. Since the inception of its nuclear weapons program, India has claimed NFU as the centerpiece of its nuclear strategy. But India has a history of developing foundational changes to its nuclear weapons program before such changes actually occur. For example, the infrastructure of India’s nuclear weapons program was already being created in the 1950s under the guise of civilian nuclear power. Similarly, the weaponization of India’s program, which did not officially occur until after the 1998 tests, had its genesis in far earlier decisions. A close examination of trends in India’s nuclear weapons production complex, its delivery systems, and its command and control complex all lead to the conclusion that India is laying the groundwork for more flexible employment options, up to and including first use. This article does not argue such a decision has been taken. Rather, it argues the underpinning is in place to allow for a move to more flexible options, perhaps very quickly, at some point in the future. This could occur during crisis or it could occur incrementally over time.     

倾听与发现：兵团民办幼儿园发展的困境与出路

兵团民办幼儿园作为兵团幼儿教育发展的重要群体,在发展的同时面临着诸多困境。研究结果显示,兵团民办幼儿园的发展面临严重的困境：经费不足;教师队伍不稳定;家园联系合作深度不够。研究认为促进兵团民办幼儿园发展的对策：一是提高政策监管力度,建立良好的政策和经济环境;二是完善民办幼儿园教师的工资和福利待遇及培训制度,提升民办幼儿园教师的质量;三是加强家园合作,引导家长形成正确的幼儿园课程观。