The crisis of American military assistance: strategic dithering and Fabergé Egg armies

ABSTRACT

The United States has provided substantial amounts of military assistance and aid since the end of World War Two. During the Cold War, it proved vital in protecting numerous regimes from communist takeovers. Successful outcomes occurred when American leaders made large initial aid commitments, and the states had the capacity and political willpower to use it effectively. However, Vietnam was an example of how U.S. support lagged, as leaders in Saigon preferred political survival instead of creating regime legitimacy. Following 9/11, American security aid focused on making weak countries develop stronger security forces. Unfortunately, this created Fabergé egg militaries: expensive and easily broken by insurgents. This article suggests long-term strategic commitments need to be made alongside more resources for the American State Department and similar organizations to focus on the politics of state-building. Finally, this article suggests strategies, such as “whole-of-government” approaches, to improve long-term security and political institution building.     

The Trump effect downunder: U.S. allies,Australian strategic culture,and the politics of path dependence

Donald Trump’s election precipitated a debate in Australia about the value of retaining close alliance ties with the United States. Similar dynamics are discernible in other U.S. allies as the negative impact of Trump administration policies becomes clearer. Yet despite this “Trump effect,” we argue Australia is unlikely to distance itself from the United States because at the core of Australia’s strategic culture is a very positive “cultural orientation” toward the United States that is highly institutionalized in treaties, formal bilateral ties, Track 2 diplomacy, and public opinion. Such institutionalized ties have powerful path dependent effects. Accordingly, we conclude that the Trump effect does not constitute a powerful enough “exogenous shock” to move Australia off its well-worn grand-strategic path. But this alliance relationship is marked by both high cultural affinity and high institutionalization: American policy-makers should seriously consider whether other U.S. allies can tolerate similar levels of “stress.”     

美军“力量提供者”系统与野营装备建设

以美军“力量提供者”系统为研究对象,介绍其功能参数和模块组成以及部署流程,并对其先进性和不足之处进行综合评价。对照现有野营装备建设现状,提出应该加强野营装备研究、增强战略投送能力、建立专业保障力量等思考,以提高未来信息化联合作战中野营装备建设水平。     

计算机应用系统体系结构及部署方法研究

描述了Client/Server和Browser/Server两大体系结构模式及其架构的软件体系思想,并通过实例重点介绍基于.NET平台部署B/S架构的实现方法。     

高动物油含量餐饮废油制备生物柴油

针对重庆餐饮废油动物油含量高的特点,用氢氧化钠作催化剂制备生物柴油,得到最佳工艺条件为：醇油质量比25％,催化剂用量1．0％,反应温度60℃,反应时间60min,搅拌强度3000r／min。在该工艺条件下,进行数据放大实验,生物柴油的产率可以达到93．6％,说明该工艺条件适合工业生产。生物柴油产品质量达到国家标准;与0号柴油调和使用可以很好地改善其低温流动性能。     

基于扩张观测器的三维有限时间收敛导引律

为了保证视线角速率在弹目碰撞前收敛到零附近的较小邻域内从而达到准平行接近的状态,本文基于自抗扰控制的不确定性估计补偿思想,应用反演控制方法设计了一种考虑导弹自动驾驶仪二阶动态特性和目标机动的三维有限时间收敛导引律。根据有限时间收敛控制理论,严格证明了系统的有限时间收敛特性;为抑制量测噪声,将传统跟踪微分器进行改进并应用于扩张状态观测器与反演控制的设计中。仿真结果表明:在自动驾驶仪响应延迟情况下,所设计的导引律能够导引导弹在有限时间内精确地拦截高速机动目标;改进的跟踪微分器精度高、响应快;基于改进跟踪微分器的扩张观测器估计效果理想。     

基于Hankel范数近似的磁悬浮控制系统模型降阶

对于磁悬浮系统而言,忽略轨道的弹性进行控制算法设计,是一种常见的方法。但是,当轨道的刚度较小时,这种方法的控制性能较差。考虑轨道弹性所设计的控制算法,理论上能确保系统的良好性能但是会使得系统复杂度增加。本文采用Hankel范数近似法对基于弹性轨道的模型进行降阶。针对刚性轨道系统模型和降阶模型设计控制算法,利用仿真结果验证降阶模型的可行性。     

英语写作能力培养探微

本文通过对非英语专业学生四级考试分析,反映了当前大学英语写作教学存在的问题。在此基础上作者提出:改进当前英语写作问题的关键是教师要引导学生做有意义和高质量的语言输入,并重视智力与非智力因素在写作教学中的协调发展。     

加强重点学科建设促进高校可持续发展

学科建设是高等教育工作的核心任务,针对高校重点学科建设目标、学术带头人的培养及资源配备等,实现高等教育可持续发展.本文从对如何加强重点学科建设,推动教育改革,提高办学质量水平进行探讨.     

磺化酚醛树脂的研究:合成及性能

制备了一系列水溶性磺化酚醛树脂,并对表面张力、水泥静浆流动度和水泥砂浆减水率进行了测定,结果显示,合成的磺化酚醛树脂具有合适的表面活性,减水效果优良.