NUCLEAR POWER IN THE MIDDLE EAST:

With the exception of Iran, no Middle Eastern state has an operating nuclear power reactor. Several states, including the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Israel, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Egypt are considering constructing such reactors; some have even taken steps towards commencing nuclear power projects. There exist, however, considerable economic, technical, safety, and security challenges to achieving these goals, many of which are acute in the Middle East region. Regional and international cooperation on nuclear technology could not only help regional states meet their energy objectives, but it could also help to build trust among states as a basic step towards a future Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction-Free Zone.     

VISIONS OF FISSION

For many years, non-nuclear weapons states have sought binding commitments from nuclear armed states that they would not be the victim of either the threat or use of nuclear weapons—so-called negative security assurances (NSAs). The nuclear weapon states have traditionally resisted granting such unconditional NSAs. Recent U.S. efforts to use nuclear deterrence against the acquisition and use by other states of chemical, biological and radiological weapons, however, have further exacerbated this divide. This article analyzes the historical development of NSAs and contrasts U.S. commitments not to use nuclear weapons with the empirical realities of current U.S. nuclear weapons employment doctrines. The authors conclude that NSAs are most likely to be issued as unilateral declarations and that such pledges are the worst possible manner in which to handle the issue of security assurance.     

Colonizing military history: A millennial view on the economics of war

We briefly illustrate the application of fundamental principles of economics to three episodes of military history for the second millennium AD. The periods, principles, and cases examined are, first, the European Middle Ages (1000-1300; opportunity cost; siege warfare); second, the Enlightenment and the Age of Battle (1618-1814; expected marginal costs/benefits; the decision to engage in battle); and third, the Cold War (1945-1989; substitution; France's nuclear force de frappe).     

中国现代文学史教学中文献史料运用问题探析

中国现代文学史的教学应该有文献史料运用的意识,在文学作品解读的基础上充分利用教材中所列的文献史料,并认真查阅,从文学史现象的历史和文学史叙述本身的过程中掌握现代文学史的知识脉络。同时也需结合时代发展下教材的编写特点和学生学习的新习惯,在互联网教学平台上使用编写者提供的文献史料资源,多方面、多层次地进入到现代文学史的教学中。     

龙珍高级中学创建特色学校的探索与实践

创办特色学校是学生发展的需要,是学校生存与发展的需要,是学校个性化发展的需要。在由"学校特色"到"特色学校"这个复杂而曲折的发展过程中,理念创新是前提,坚持"普惠性"原则、着眼于学生群体素质的整体优化是本质,科学分析内外环境选定优势特色项目是关键,长期坚持注重量的积累是基础。龙珍高级中学顺应教育发展的需要,科学定位学校发展特色,遵循特色学校创建规律,全体师生广泛参与,积极探索和实践,使特色学校创建工作初见成效。     

关于提高中国近现代史纲要课程教学设计能力的思考

《中国近现代史纲要》课程作为一门新兴的学科,开设过程中面临各种问题。深入思考这些问题,对提高教师的《中国近现代史纲要》课程教学设计能力不失为一剂对症良方。     

论在中等职业学校开设《化学》课程的重要性

本文结合中等职业学校学生的实际,从三个方面对在中等职业学校开设《化学》课程的重要性进行了论述。     

解读《史记》中“发奋自强”之精神

本文通过条析《史记》历史人物的兴衰成败及论赞司马迁的人生价值观,反复强调发奋自强精神的重要性。发奋自强的民族精神是我们取胜的法宝之一。     

新疆中小学少数民族双语教师组织承诺的现状研究

本研究通过问卷调查了新疆地区252名中小学少数民族双语教师的组织承诺现状。研究结果显示,新疆少数民族中小学双语教师的组织承诺总体较高,其中感情承诺、规范承诺、理想承诺和民族认同承诺均高于一般水平,而经济承诺和机会承诺均低于一般水平。在人口变量上表现如下特点：（1）男性的经济承诺显著高于女性,其他维度及总分上男女无显著差异;（2）不同民族的双语教师的组织承诺总分及各维度均无显著差异;（3）中专学历的双语教师的理想承诺显著高于大专及本科学历的双语教师,组织承诺总分及其他维度上均无学历上的显著差异;（4）重点学校双语教师的民族认同承诺及组织承诺总分均显著高于一般学校的双语教师;其他维度上无显著差异。