全文获取类型
收费全文 | 504篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 36篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 133篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 38篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有544条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
511.
Defence expenditures have both costs and benefits to the economy. The costs of defence expenditures are mainly emphasized as opportunity costs. On the other hand, defence spending may have growth‐promoting potential benefits: a rise in defence spending may result in a higher aggregate demand, production and employment. This paper examines empirically the effects of military expenditures on economic growth for Middle Eastern countries and Turkey, for the time‐period 1989–1999. The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is investigated by using cross‐section and dynamic panel estimation techniques. Empirical analysis indicates that military expenditure enhances economic growth in the Middle Eastern countries and Turkey as a whole. 相似文献
512.
This paper reviews some of the theoretical and econometric issues involved in estimating growth models that include military spending. While the mainstream growth literature has not found military expenditure to be a significant determinant of growth, much of the defence economics literature has found significant effects. The paper argues that this is largely the product of the particular specification, the Feder–Ram model, that has been used in the defence economics literature but not in the mainstream literature. The paper critically evaluates this model, detailing its problems and limitations and suggests that it should be avoided. It also critically evaluates two alternative theoretical approaches, the Augmented Solow and the Barro models, suggesting that they provide a more promising avenue for future research. It concludes with some general comments about modelling the links between military expenditure and growth. 相似文献
513.
514.
Sakiru Adebola Solarin 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(7):853-870
AbstractAnecdotal evidence offers conflicting views on the impact of globalisation on military expenditure. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating the effect of globalisation on military expenditure in 82 countries for the period, 1989–2012. After introducing economic and strategic variables into the model, we utilise the dynamic panel generalised method of moments system to estimate the relationship in the variables. The empirical findings reveal that globalisation reduces both military burden and real military expenditure. The findings are consistent, irrespective of the globalisation indicator adopted. The policy implications of the results are explained. 相似文献
515.
AbstractThis paper offers a simple strategic framework to help governments identify various policy mechanisms to minimize public sector corruption. The paper offers a formal model that blends the economics of crime with identity economics and money laundering. It presents a partial equilibrium framework that focuses on a representative public official engaged in a mix of legal and illegal effort. The model introduces various levers a government might use to impact the costs and benefits of illegal effort. The ultimate goal is to help turn volatile vicious cycles of political instability, into steady virtuous cycles of stability, growth, and sustainable development. 相似文献
516.
Christos Kollias 《Defence and Peace Economics》2013,24(4):305-319
Greece is one of the poorest members of the European Union, yet its defence burden is the highest in Europe and NATO. At around 5.6% of GDP in 1994 it is twice the average NATO and European Union burden. In terms of the human and material resources devoted to defence yearly Greece is in comparative terms the most militarised country in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to examine military spending in Greece. It begins with a brief survey of the Greek economy and its development as it relates to defence. The determinants of Greek military spending are then modelled and analysed. The causes of military spending appear to be primarily regional rivalries and conflicts. In particular the ongoing dispute with Turkey is the main external security determinant of defence spending in Greece. The supply of defence inputs is then examined with reference to equipment procurement and indigenous arms production. 相似文献
517.
AbstractWhile not always a concern for the general economic growth literature, the debate over the effects of military spending on growth continues to develop, with no consensus, but a deepening understanding of the limitations of previous work. One important issue that has not been adequately dealt with is the endogeneity of military spending in the growth equation, mainly because of the difficulty of finding any variables that would make adequate instruments. This paper considers this issue, using an endogenous growth model estimated on a large sample of 109 non-high-income countries for the period 1998–2012. The empirical analysis is framed within an instrumental variable setting that exploits the increase in military spending that occurs when unrest in a country escalates to turmoil. The estimation results show that endogeneity arising from reverse causality is a crucial issue, with the instrumental variable estimates providing a larger significant negative effect of military spending on growth than OLS would. This result is found to be robust to different sources of heterogeneity and different time periods. 相似文献
518.
利用TRNSYS软件对重庆夏季建筑屋顶太阳能光电热一体化系统进行瞬态模拟分析计算,得到系统瞬时发电量与一段时间内累计发电量,光电热模块瞬时进出水温度与太阳能平板集热器瞬时进出水温度,系统一段时间内光电热模块累计有效得热量与一段时间内太阳能平板集热器累计有效得热量,系统的光电转换效率、光热转换效率以及太阳能综合利用效率。结果表明,建筑屋顶太阳能光电热一体化系统是重庆地区建筑太阳能光电热一体化系统适宜的型式。 相似文献
519.
520.