多约束下的高超声速飞行器三维非线性自适应末制导律

面向多约束下高超声速飞行器末制导过程中的通道耦合、参数扰动、模型失配等突出问题,设计一种适于高超声速飞行器的三维非线性自适应末制导律。为了模型描述的完整性和简洁性,引入视线旋量和旋量速度的概念,并基于此建立三维制导参考模型和实际系统的表达式;为了保证制导律的鲁棒性和自适应性,基于自适应控制理论,设计一种三维非线性自适应制导律;通过数学推导证明了该制导律的稳定性。该制导律能够从理论上克服高超声速飞行器末制导面临的通道耦合、参数扰动、模型失配等突出问题,满足多约束制导要求。仿真结果验证了所设计制导律的有效性。     

Military expenditure and economic development in China: an empirical inquiry

Increases in military spending have a big impact on the socioeconomic conditions in any country. However, there is no consensus as to whether the rising military expenditure is beneficial or detrimental to economic growth. The present study chose China as a case study to empirically examine a complex relationship between military expenditure and economic development. The findings from the Johansen cointegration test indicated that there existed a long-run relationship between China’s military spending and economic growth. Furthermore, the Granger causality test detected a unidirectional causality from economic development to military expenditure. These results were further confirmed by the findings from the impulse response function. This means that China represents an example of a developing economy where the size of military expenditure expands in the process of economic transformation.     

The growth in military expenditure in Germany 1951–2011: did parties matter?

We examine whether government ideology was correlated with the growth in military expenditure in Germany over the period 1951–2011. Using various measures of government ideology, the results do not show any effect. The exception is an ideology measure based on the Comparative Manifesto Project (left-right scale): using this measure, the results show that the growth in military expenditure increased by about 2.4 percentage points, when the ideology variable (right-wing) increased by one standard deviation. This effect, however, is based on observations until the early 1960s and cannot be generalized. The major political parties agreed on how to evaluate international risks and threats. Government ideology retired to the background. We conjecture that the consensus among the major parties will persist – even if military spending needs to be increased in response to new international risks and threats.     

Learning to Fight and Fighting to Learn: Practitioners and the Role of Unit Publications in VIII Fighter Command 1943–1944

A military cannot hope to improve in wartime if it cannot learn. Ideally, in wartime, formal learning ceases and the application of knowledge begins. But this is optimistic. In 1942, USAAF Eighth Air Force assumed it had the means necessary for victory. In reality, its technique and technology were only potentially – rather than actually – effective. What remained was to create the practice of daylight bombing – to learn. This article (1) recovers a wartime learning process that created new knowledge, (2) tests existing tacit hypotheses in military adaptation research, and (3) offers additional theoretical foundation to explain how knowledge is created in wartime     

自主式UCAV火控算法与系统设计

介绍了一种改进的CCRP轰炸瞄准原理,给出了其数学模型和瞄准原理公式,分析、说明了其瞄准原理和特点.根据自主式无人战斗机的特点、任务、要求,运用此原理,进行了系统设计,确定了火飞耦合控制律.研究和仿真结果表明:该原理正确,所述的火控算法和设计的控制律合理,为进一步开展自主式UCAV的研究和设计打下了基础.     

防空导弹弹道跟踪制导规律研究

根据李亚普诺夫稳定性原理,利用基准优化弹道参数构造滑动面,提出了一种新的弹道跟踪制导规律。对跟踪制导规律的数学原理进行了描述,给出了详细的推导过程和二维平面弹道仿真数学模型及仿真结果。结果表明所提出的弹道跟踪制导规律能使导弹快速跟踪基准优化弹道。     

对警察执法与人权保护的思考

根据我国加入WTO以后面临的国际国内形势 ,客观分析了中国警察在人权保护领域的现状、存在的问题并提出了相应的对策 ,旨在提高中国警察的人权保护意识 ,优化我国的执法环境     

印度外空技术试验受到的压制、影响及其对策研究

印度开展外空技术试验遭受了来自国际舆论的谴责、强国遏制与外空法约束等多个方面的压力.当今世界航天大国都在竞相开展外空技术试验.当各国面临相似的问题时,应尽快开展研究,找出如何以合理的理由、灵活的手段开展试验,同时集结优势力量开展国际合作.本文深入分析主要航天国家对印度开展外空试验的主要压制手段,以此剖析印度外空技术试验...     

Why do they serve? Changes and differences in motives of Danish soldiers deployed to peace-keeping and peace-enforcing missions

This paper investigates what motivates young people to volunteer for peace-keeping or peace-enforcing missions and how their motives change between pre- and post-deployment. Data include information about social and military background, and motives for more than 600 soldiers, 444 of whom answered the survey both before and after deployment. Soldiers are deployed to different missions under the same circumstances. To conceptualize motives among soldiers, we use factor analysis and find three factors: challenge, self-benefit, and fidelity. Challenge represents an occupational orientation; fidelity, an institutional orientation; and self-benefit, a desire for adventure. Exploiting the within-subject design of our data, we find that pre- and post-deployment motives vary significantly according to the type of mission and soldiers’ previous experiences (first-timers or experienced soldiers). Our results suggest that after the mission, peace-keepers are generally more disappointed than peace-enforcers. Our results also show that self-benefit motives are important for younger soldiers with only a high school education, and that this group usually serves as peace-enforcers during their gap year.     

消防设计审核范围探讨

根据我国现实情况和需要,结合相关法规规定要求,从维护法规的严肃性与权威性,保障消防监督执法的统一与规范出发,提出修改完善法规的原则性建议。