Reconsidering the Legal Equality of Combatants

ABSTRACT

The legal equality of combatants (LEC) is a fixture of international law and just war theory. Both scholars who embrace and those who reject the moral equality of combatants seem committed to the legal equality of combatants. Their reasons usually include pragmatic worries about unjust combatants committing even more harm if they were to be simply prohibited from fighting. In this article I argue that this sweeping commitment to the legal equality of combatants is mistaken and that it is often grounded in a misunderstanding of the way international law governs behavior.     

一种基于观测器的自修复飞行控制系统设计

故障检测与隔离(FDI)、控制律重构是自修复飞行控制系统设计的重要内容.在自修复飞行控制系统设计中,利用观测器,设计了针对传感器的故障进行检测的方法,可使检测效果在一定的条件下,对系统参数变化不敏感,具有较好的鲁棒性;此外,当飞机操纵机构发生故障时,利用观测器,设计了基于线性模型跟随控制进行飞行重构控制的方法,使得当状态变量不能测量时的控制系统得以物理实现.最后,给出了仿真实例,结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

论现行法律框架下多种形式消防队伍的发展与管理

随着社会经济的飞速发展,消防保卫任务日趋繁重,但现有消防警力严重不足,如何在建设好公安消防现役队伍的同时,建立和发展多种形式消防队伍,提高全社会的灭火救援能力,已成为保障经济建设和社会稳定的当务之急．同时也是我国消防界急需解决的重要课题。从我国发展多种形式消防队伍的理论和实践依据入手,通过进一步分析目前我国多种形式消防队伍的组织形式和发展现状,指出了我国多种形式消防队伍法制建设方面存在的问题,并结合各地的具体实践展开了对多种形式消防队伍发展的一些思考。     

论消防监督检查的原则

消防监督检查原则对于规范和制约消防监督检查权的行使具有重要作用。然而,目前消防法律对消防监督检查的原则并没有明确规定,这对于监督和制约消防监督检查权的行使,保护被检查对象的合法权益十分不利。对消防监督检查必须遵循的原则进行了探讨,提出了五项原则,即依法检查原则、比例原则、服务性原则、相对人参与原则和救济原则。     

开口电极在海水中的电场特性研究

利用稳恒电磁场理论,通过基本假设和单个电极电场计算公式的推导,计算了某一深度平面的电场值,绘制了平面分布图。接着利用相似理论进行了模型缩比实验,测量了二电极电场在某一平面上的分布值,绘制了平面分布图,进行了基本特性分析。该结果对进行船舶电场模拟和海缆断点探寻等工作,具有很好的参考价值。     

Integrating the Services and Harnessing the Military Area Commands

ABSTRACT

The Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is halfway through a multi-decade modernization process. It has begun a major restructuring effort as it shifts its focus from a traditional continental defensive posture to a more maritime-oriented emphasis. In order to create more balanced joint force, it has adjusted the structure of its highest command organization, the Central Military Commission; abolished the former four General Departments and seven Military Regions; created five new joint Theater Commands and service-level commands for the Army and Rocket Force; and is reducing the size of its active duty force by 300,000 personnel. While seeking to overcome numerous internal obstacles, the PLA continues to develop and improve its capabilities to conduct integrated joint operations to deter a variety of threats to China’s sovereignty and territory and, if deterrence fails, to win informationized local war.     

Space,the New Domain: Space Operations and Chinese Military Reforms

ABSTRACT

The Chinese military has embarked on a series of organizational and doctrinal reforms intended to better enable it to fight modern war. Prominent among these reforms is the growing emphasis on space to enable long-range precisions strikes and on counterspace to deny space capabilities to an adversary. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has officially designated space as a new domain and established an organization to command space forces. With this increased focus on space, the PLA may begin to develop a doctrine to govern the use of space in military operations. The higher priority given to space, especially space control, by the PLA coincides with similar actions by the US military, increasing the possibility of warfare in space and the risks of escalation.     

Reclaiming the Party’s Control of the Gun: Bringing Civilian Authority Back in China’s Civil-Military Relations

ABSTRACT

Since emerging as China’s top leader following the 18th Party Congress, Xi Jinping has moved swiftly to consolidate his formal authority as Central Military Commission chairman over the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. In redressing the civil-military imbalance wrought by Dengist economic reforms, the commander-in-chief has combined institutional mechanisms with the use of fear to impose authoritative civilian control over the military. This paper proposes that a combination of changes to the Chinese strategic environment has contributed to Xi’s utility of the anti-corruption campaign to purge the regime’s coercive forces of its previous underpinnings, and advances that the war on military malfeasance has given rise to a new set of dynamics in civil-military relations in post-Reform China.     

Moving Beyond Population-Centric vs. Enemy-Centric Counterinsurgency

Historically, insurgency is one of the most prevalent forms of armed conflict and it is likely to remain common in the foreseeable future. Recent experiences with counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan offer many lessons for future counterinsurgents, but the discourse on the subject continues to be mired in a traditional dichotomy pitting population-centric approaches to counterinsurgency against enemy-centric approaches. Historical analysis suggests that this traditional dichotomy is not a sufficiently nuanced way to understand or plan for such operations. Instead, discussions of counterinsurgency should focus on two dimensions: actions (use of physical force vs. political or moral actions) and targets (active insurgents vs. insurgent support). This perspective divides the space of possible counterinsurgency efforts into four quadrants, suggesting that effective counterinsurgency campaigns find a balance of effort across the four quadrants that is well matched to the specific context.     

稀薄流高超声速飞行器气动加热耦合计算

针对稀薄流域高超声速飞行器的气动加热问题,开展耦合数值计算研究。通过引入牛顿冷却定律,将直接模拟蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法与结构传热计算方法相结合,设计一种可对全机外形进行气动热和结构传热计算的高效松耦合方法,实现飞行器防热层结构材料温度分布特性的数值模拟。在以钝锥外形为例对直接模拟蒙特卡洛数值模拟程序进行验证的基础上,采用该方法对X37B轨道飞行器外形长时加热与结构传热过程进行数值模拟,给出结构温度及热流密度随飞行时间的变化规律。研究结果表明,设计的耦合计算方法能够模拟稀薄流域高超声速飞行器的气动加热及结构传热耦合过程,可为该类飞行器的气动热分析及热防护设计提供技术支持。