What Is Known About Defence Research And Development Spill-Overs?

This article surveys the body of available evidence regarding the spill-over effects of defence R&D. It reviews the routes through which defence R&D spills over to the economy with positive externalities – in terms of new products, technologies or processes; the barriers that impede or block such a process; potential negative repercussions, and the measure of such effects. The main conclusion is that the uncertainty of these effects, and the inaccurate appraisal of their value, hardly supports informed decisions concerning defence R&D policies.     

Cross-linking density and aging constitutive model of HTPB coating under prestrain thermal accelerated aging

In order to study the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating during storage, the thermal accelerated aging tests at 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% prestrains were carried out. The cross-linking density of HTPB coating at different aging stages were tested using low-field ¹H NMR and the variation of cross-linking density was analyzed. The aging model of cross-linking density considering the chemical aging and the physical stretching factors was established. The uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on HTPB coating at different aging stages and the cross-linking density was introduced into Ogden hyperelastic constitutive model as a characterization parameter of correction coefficient. Combined with uniaxial tensile test results, a prestrain aging constitutive model of HTPB coating was established. The results show that the cross-linking density of HTPB coating increases rapidly at first and then slowly with the increase of thermal accelerated aging time without prestrain. Under prestrain conditions, the cross-linking density of HTPB coating decreases at the early stage, and increases rapidly at first and then slowly at the middle and late stages of thermal accelerated aging. The correlation coefficients of aging model of cross-linking density and aging constitutive model with test results are R > 0.9500 and R > 0.9900 respectively, which can be used to accurately describe the cross-linking density and aging constitutive relationship of HTPB coating under prestrain accelerated thermal aging conditions.     

An investigation on anti-impact and penetration performance of basalt fiber composites with different weave and lay-up modes

The woven basalt fiber composites (WBFC) and the unidirectional [0°/90°/45°/-45°]_s basalt fiber composites (UBFC) were prepared by hot-pressing. Three-point bending test, low velocity impact test, and ballistic test were performed to the prepared composites. After the tests, the specimens were recovered and analyzed for micromorphology. Three-point bending tests show that both the bending strength and stiffness of the WBFC surpass those of the UBFC. Low velocity impact test results show that the low velocity impact resistance to hemispherical impactor of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC, but the low velocity impact resistance to sharp impactor of the UBFC is lower than that of the WBFC. For the ballistic test, it can be found that the ballistic property of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC. After the tests, microscopic analysis of the specimens was applied, and their failure mechanism was discussed. The main failure modes of the UBFC are delamination and fibers breakage under the above loading conditions while the main failure mode of the WBFC is fibers breakage. Although delamination damage can be found in the WBFC under the above loading conditions, the degree of delamination is far less than that of the UBFC.     

基于虚拟样机的坦克承载零部件疲劳寿命预测方法

坦克承载零部件的疲劳失效是其主要的失效形式,疲劳寿命的预测一直是装备设计、研制、验证和使用过程中的重要问题之一。利用虚拟样机技术,建立履带车辆刚柔体耦合模型,通过在一定任务剖面下车辆虚拟试验,测试其承载零件的载荷谱,结合疲劳寿命分析技术,进行疲劳寿命预测,并给出计算实例,预测的寿命与实际使用情况相符合,表明提出的坦克承载件疲劳寿命预测方法是一种高效、实用的新方法。     

润滑油纳米铜添加剂及其对不同粗糙度表面的减摩自修复行为

采用KBH4液相还原法制备了纳米铜添加剂,采用透射电子显微镜对纳米铜添加剂进行了表征,通过摩擦磨损试验机测试了纳米铜添加剂对4种不同粗糙度摩擦表面所表现的抗磨减摩性能,并对不同的磨损表面进行了光学显微镜和能谱分析。结果表明:纳米铜添加剂为分散性能稳定的20nm的球形颗粒;纳米铜添加剂具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,尤其是对于光滑的摩擦表面,与基础油相比,可使摩擦因数降低24%。纳米铜添加剂还具有良好的自修复性能,摩擦过程中,能够在摩擦表面形成一层高弹性低硬度的自修复膜,自修复效果对于光滑的摩擦表面更为显著。     

和谐社会背景下发展西部民族教育的对策

本文根据西部民族地区教育的特殊性和共性,从创建和谐社会的基本理念出发,提出发展西部民族教育的对策:促进民族教育与全国教育发展相协调;增强少数民族的自信心,促进民族地区的社会稳定;确立教育公平和补偿性投入的理念,实现民族教育超前发展;重视民族基础教育和高层次骨干人才培养;加强师资队伍的建设;加强发达地区对西部贫困地区的教育对口支援。     

基础教育与屯垦戍边新型团场建设

屯垦戍边新型团场建设是党中央关于建设社会主义新农村重大决策在兵团的具体实施。基础教育是建设屯垦戍边新型团场的奠基工程和文化基础。发挥基础教育在新型团场建设中的基础作用和服务作用,既关系到新型团场建设的速度和质量,也关系到基础教育发展的环境和水平。     

论公安现役高校在构建和谐社会中的角色定位

公安现役高校在公安教育体系中处于重要位置,承担着人才培养、科学研究和服务部队的重要任务,对构建和谐社会责无旁贷。准确定位公安现役高校在构建和谐社会中所扮演的角色,可以充分发挥职能作用,为构建和谐社会做出应有贡献。     

大圆航线导航与控制律设计

随着无人机(UAV)应用范围的扩大,要求无人机能精确跟踪预定航线.预定的飞行任务可以有两种规划方式,一是近似在当地切平面上的直线或曲线;二是飞行距离较长时在地球表面的大圆航线.第二种规划相对复杂,研究较少,因此,介绍了某型无人机的动力学模型,提出了一种全新的大圆航线导航解算算法,设计了大圆导航控制律,此外,还分析了常值风及突风干扰对导航的影响.经计算机仿真验证和部分的实际飞行试验结果表明:与预定航线的距离偏差较小,航迹精度较高,新算法及设计较好地满足了实际大圆航线飞行要求.     

卫星天线指向复合控制全物理仿真与试验分析

卫星天线指向复合控制全物理仿真系统是验证多体卫星天线指向复合控制方案的关键设备.首先从力学的角度研究了该系统试验时影响天线指向与定点控制精度的几个不理想因素,并对系统的误差进行了分析和研究,得出了其误差模型,在此基础上设计了自适应控制律并对其进行了稳定性证明.最后对该系统进行了仿真,给出了仿真结果.结果表明该系统可以满足高精度天线指向复合控制要求.为进一步提高卫星天线指向复合控制全物理仿真精度奠定了基础.