基于供应链管理的战时装备供应保障业务流程重组

从战时装备供应链管理的要素和相互关系出发,结合我军实际,提出了基于供应链的战时装备供应保障业务流程重组过程,并对相关方法进行了讨论,旨在使战时所需装备以可预见的方式快速、安全、准确地送抵到作战部队。     

Markovian models of three‐on‐one combat involving a hidden defender

In this paper, Markovian models of three‐on‐one stochastic firefights between ground‐based weapon systems are developed. These models address a common scenario of interest to the military, but one which has been much neglected in analytic combat models, that of combat between a hidden defender and an exposed attacking force. Each combatant must detect an opponent before commencing their firing cycle, a task which is considerably more difficult for the attacker. In the models developed here, the defender detects the exposed attacking group after an exponentially distributed time interval, while each attacker has a fixed probability of detecting the defender via the flash signature produced after each shot fired by him. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by investigating what impact the introduction of a coordinated gun‐laying system for the attacking force might have, a system made possible by battlefield digitization. The method used here allows models to be developed incrementally. This and other advantages of the Markovian approach are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 627–646, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10041     

The transshipment fund mechanism: Coordinating the decentralized multilocation transshipment problem

The multilocation replenishment and transshipment problem is concerned with several retailers facing random demand for the same item at distinct markets, that may use transshipments to eliminate excess inventory/shortages after demand realization. When the system is decentralized so that each retailer operates to maximize their own profit, there are incentive problems that prevent coordination. These problems arise even with two retailers who may pay each other for transshipped units. We propose a new mechanism based on a transshipment fund, which is the first to coordinate the system, in a fully noncooperative setting, for all instances of two retailers as well as all instances of any number of retailers. Moreover, our mechanism strongly coordinates the system, i.e., achieves coordination as the unique equilibrium. The computation and information requirements of this mechanism are realistic and relatively modest. We also present necessary and sufficient conditions for coordination and prove they are always satisfied with our mechanism. Numerical examples illustrate some of the properties underlying this mechanism for two retailers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Disruption‐management strategies for short life‐cycle products

Supplier diversification, contingent sourcing, and demand switching (whereby a firm shifts customers to a different product if their preferred product is unavailable), are key building blocks of a disruption‐management strategy for firms that sell multiple products over a single season. In this article, we evaluate 12 possible disruption‐management strategies (combinations of the basic building‐block tactics) in the context of a two‐product newsvendor. We investigate the influence of nine attributes of the firm, its supplier(s), and its products on the firs preference for the various strategies. These attributes include supplier reliability, supplier failure correlation, payment responsibility in the event of a supply failure, product contribution margin, product substitutability, demand uncertainties and correlation, and the decision makes risk aversion. Our results show that contingent sourcing is preferred to supplier diversification as the supply risk (failure probability) increases, but diversification is preferred to contingent sourcing as the demand risk (demand uncertainty) increases. We find that demand switching is not effective at managing supply risk if the products are sourced from the same set of suppliers. Demand switching is effective at managing demand risk and so can be preferred to the other tactics if supply risk is low. Risk aversion makes contingent sourcing preferable over a wider set of supply and demand‐risk combinations. We also find a two‐tactic strategy provides almost the same benefit as a three‐tactic strategy for most reasonable supply and demand‐risk combinations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

Lateral stock transshipments in a two‐location inventory system with fixed and joint replenishment costs

We address the problem of inventory management in a two‐location inventory system, in which the transshipments are carried out as means of emergency or alternative supply after demand has been realized. This model differs from previous ones as regards its replenishment costs structure, in which nonnegligible fixed replenishment costs and a joint replenishment cost are considered. The single period planning horizon is analyzed, with the form and several properties of the optimal replenishment and transshipment policies developed, discussed and illustrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 525–547, 1999     

Inventory transshipment game with limited supply: Trap or treat

Inventory transshipment is generally shown to be beneficial to retailers by matching their excess demand with surplus inventory. We investigate an inventory transshipment game with two newsvendor-type retailers under limited total supply and check whether the retailers are better off than the case without transshipment. We derive the ordering strategies for the retailers and show that unlike the unlimited supply case, a pure Nash equilibrium only exists under certain conditions. Furthermore, contrary to the conventional wisdom, we show that inventory transshipment may not always benefit both retailers. Although one of the retailers is guaranteed to be better off, the other could be worse off. The decision criteria are then provided for the retailers to determine if they will benefit from the exercise of inventory transshipment. Numerical study indicates that the carefully chosen transshipment prices play an important role in keeping inventory transshipment beneficial to both retailers. Subsequently, a coordinating mechanism is designed for the retailers to negotiate transshipment prices that maximize the total profit of the two retailers while keeping each of them in a beneficial position.     

基于GO法的军事供应链可靠性分析

军事供应链管理要获得高效率和效益,最基础的必须是有高可靠性作保证。结合GO法——一种系统可靠性分析方法和军事供应链自身的特点,阐明了将GO法应用于军事供应链可靠性分析中的可行性。通过构建军事供应链结构模型,运用GO法原理,分析出军事供应链系统中的信号流和操作符,将军事供应链系统结构图转化为GO图,通过GO运算,求出各信号流的等效故障率,进而求出军事供应链中各节点的等效可靠度,对供应链网络结构模型的可靠性问题进行定量分析,并通过实例对该方法的应用进行了具体说明。结果表明：GO法不仅能够计算出整个军事供应链的可靠性,还可以清楚地得到各环节的可靠性,从而可以追溯出影响军事供应链系统整体可靠性的瓶颈,为制定相关的可靠性管理措施提供科学依据。     

战役物资供应链定性仿真研究

运用定性建模与仿真的方法研究战役物资供应链的整体供应能力,能从整体性角度出发,全局遍历战役物资供应链的不利影响因素。简要介绍了SDG(Signed Directed Graph)定性仿真工具的结构和功能;建立了战役物资供应链整体功能定性仿真模型;根据案例描述,把定量描述转化成定性值,设置定性仿真初始值,进行定性仿真实验。仿真结果为:影响战役物资供应链整体供应能力的主要不利因素为"敌火力打击我战役供应指挥机构",可找到其产生的推理路径,改变定性初始值的设置,控制不利影响因素出现的次数。     

炮兵群自动化指挥系统决策组织结构的 Petri 网建模与性能分析

对炮兵自动化指挥系统中决策组织的结构和能力进行了研究,建立了较为完善的各级指挥员指挥决策体系的Ｐｅｔｒｉ网模型。通过有色Ｐｅｔｒｉ网对群一级的炮兵自动化指挥系统在不同任务环境下的不同工作方式进行了建模表示和分析,引入了决策时延这一反应指挥决策体系能力的重要性能指标,并进一步运用马尔科夫链的分析方法对建立的指挥决策体系的Ｐｅｔｒｉ网模型进行定量分析,得出了量化结果,为自动化指挥系统中决策组织结构的设计和分析提供了理论根据。