The Shifting Determinants of Defense Spending Preferences Between 1980 and 2008

This paper analyzes defense spending preferences using ordered logit regression analysis of American National Election Survey data from 1980 through 2008. Our results indicate that as opposed to having the ideology of isolationism, political party identification towards the Republican Party or having economic stakes in defense spending always play a significant role in increased preference towards defense spending. Demographic groups such as Native Americans, Hispanics, and retired women, a demographic subgroup, display generally positive preferences towards defense spending. Somewhat surprisingly, another demographic subgroup, ‘security moms,’ do not show a preference. Our analysis also displays lower (higher) preference in the early 1990s (2000s) for defense spending compared to the year 2008.     

新疆边境地区恐怖活动特点及打击对策

近年来以“东突”为主的恐怖势力在新疆边境地区活动十分猖獗,呈现出联合,渗透对象多元、低龄等特点。公安边防部队地处边境一线,任务艰巨,责任重大,要通过加强反恐情报建设、健全装备保障体制、加强战法研究与战术训练、加强边境管理以及加强国际警务合作等多种对策,不断提高部队打击和防范恐怖活动的能力与水平,为维护边疆稳定做出贡献。     

The Meaning of the Nuclear Evolution: China's Strategic Modernization and US-China Security Relations

Abstract

Will China's development of a new generation of nuclear weapons impact US-China security relations in important ways? One's answer depends on how one views the following: whether or not Chinese leaders believe that they are only now acquiring a secure second strike capability; the scope of coercive power that secure second strike capability provides to conventionally inferior actors; the meaning of China's ‘No First Use’ Doctrine; and the prospects for escalation control in future crises. Applying Cold War theories and tapping Chinese doctrinal writings this article concludes that China's nuclear modernization program might prove more consequential than is commonly believed.     

Country survey XVII: New zealand's defence policy

New Zealand's current defence strategy, first expressed in NZ Government (1991), is one of "self-reliance in partnership". We outline the country's defence policy in historical context, examine its current defence expenditure and capabilities, and document the genesis of recent major changes in security policy. We pay particular attention to the role of explicit economic analysis and advice in the formation of these policy changes.     

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SECURITY POLICIES

This paper analyses public policy choices in the security economy from an economic perspective. It discusses the role of public goods for national and global security and identifies the importance of the first‐ and second‐order indirect effects of insecurity on economic activity, which include the behavioural responses of agents and the government to security measures, akin to such effects in insurance economics. Furthermore, key public policy trade‐offs are outlined, in particular between security and efficiency, globalisation, equity and freedom. The analysis identifies suitable policy options for raising security in the national and international contexts and in view of these trade‐offs. A balance between market and non‐market instruments in achieving security should be aimed for in order to minimise the adverse effects of aiming for higher security. In addition, the public good nature of security implies that international coordination of security policies is important, despite this process being fraught with enforcement problems.     

Rent seeking and defence expenditure

A plethora of arguments from the ‘public choice school’ suggest that public goods are ‘under‐supplied’ by comparison with public sector provision of more private goods. The implication is that rent seeking by the ‘military‐industrial complex’ serves, in some measure, to offset potential allocative inefficiency. In this paper a comparison of rent seeking by producers of public goods and producers of private goods identifies a bias that favours public good supply. The bias results from the different way in which collective demand for public goods and for private goods is expressed. The prospect of larger rents to the ‘military‐industrial complex’ implies greater rent‐seeking expenditures in this sector. The extent to which public goods (and, in particular, defence) are ‘under supplied’ is much exaggerated.     

陆军战斗模拟实验实施管理方案

陆军战斗模拟实验实施管理是驱动陆军战斗模拟实验活动不断向前发展的核心动力,是达成模拟实验任务的重要保证。针对陆军战斗模拟实验实施的特点和需求,提出了一套陆军战斗模拟实验实施管理方案,力图从抽象角度把初始数据的格式化设置、模型的集成与优化、实验实施的动态控制等模拟实验实施相关内容统一到一个方案空间之中,有效提高模拟实验系统的性能和效率,为模拟实验结果分析奠定基础。     

单兵系统战场信息库及信息管理——“数字化战场与单兵数字化系统”系列论文之四

本文在讨论单兵系统战场信息分类与信息库系统结构的基础上，提出了单兵战场信息库系统的功能与设计原则。然后，对单兵战场信息库系统中的信息处理流程进行了分析。     

基于HLA/RTI 的仿真系统设计

结合雷达电子对抗仿真实例，论述了基于ＨＬＡ／ＲＴＩ的分布交互式多机仿真系统的体系结构、底层通信网络、运行支持系统、仿真应用对象模型和仿真运行管理及其设计与实现问题。     

基于CCSDS高级在轨系统的遥科学数据管理探讨

本文研究了基于CCSDS高级在轨系统(AOS)的遥科学通信数据管理有关问题,对遥科学各类信息在CCSDS—AOS模型中的业务入口、地面用户对空间站有效载荷的操作管理方式以及地面管理中心对空间站通信系统控制管理方式等问题进行了探讨。