Identifying the challenges to defence reform in Central and Eastern Europe: observations from the field

The authors have over 50 years' experience of working on defence in Central and Eastern Europe. They have been intimately involved in trying to reform over 10 national defence organisations including Ukraine. During this work, they often faced intractable resistance and scepticism or conversely, apparent unbounded support, but following this, a complete lack of any actual implementation work by officials. This paper addresses some of the findings and observations identified by the authors that appear to cause these responses and the consequent failure of reform. A new research approach has been taken by using the business and culture tools from Schein, Hofstede and Kotter to try and unravel the underlying causality of that failure. The second part of the paper produces a new process for change based upon the research conclusions to help other advisers and consultants working on reform in the post communist defence arena.     

An integral equation for the second moment function of a geometric process and its numerical solution

In this article, an integral equation satisfied by the second moment function M₂(t) of a geometric process is obtained. The numerical method based on the trapezoidal integration rule proposed by Tang and Lam for the geometric function M(t) is adapted to solve this integral equation. To illustrate the numerical method, the first interarrival time is assumed to be one of four common lifetime distributions, namely, exponential, gamma, Weibull, and lognormal. In addition to this method, a power series expansion is derived using the integral equation for the second moment function M₂(t), when the first interarrival time has an exponential distribution.     

切尔诺贝利核事故救援对我国核电消防部队建设的启示

介绍了切尔诺贝利核事故消防部队救援的基本情况以及经验和教训,并针对我国目前核电消防的现状,结合切尔诺贝利核事故救援的经验和教训,就我国核电消防安全和队伍建设提出了建议和意见。     

一种用于光纤陀螺光源的新型ATC系统设计

针对光纤陀螺的光源对ATC的基本要求,给出了造成谐振腔温度变化的因素,对LD的帕尔贴制冷原理和传统ATC的工作过程给出了详细的数学分析,建立了LD光源的ATC数学模型;根据系统在高频和低频干扰下的仿真结果,进行了系统参数优化和改进,设计了一种新型的高精度、双向调节ATC系统,在降低功耗的同时大大减小了光源驱动电路的散热和体积,实现了光源驱动电路的高精度、低功耗和小型化.在-30℃~30℃范围内的实际测试数据显示该系统较传统ATC精度提高了一个数量级,达到了0.1%,温度控制精度达到0.1℃,该系统对于光纤陀螺精度的提高和其它半导体激光器的温控研制有着重要的参考价值.     

论管理者权力性非权力性影响力

管理是对部属施加影响以实现组织目标的过程。在这一过程中,无不体现着管理者权力性和非权力性的影响力。权力性影响力是由上级赋予管理者的职务、地位、权力等构成的;非权力性影响力是一种不依靠权力,而凭借个人的品德、才能、学识、情感、威信等而产生的一种影响他人,支配部属的力量。管理者应着力提高非权力性的影响力。     

舰船主动力装置系统可靠性的模糊预计

利用模糊数学理论中的综合评判方法,综合考虑多方面的模糊因素,借助于已知单元的可靠性预计舰船主动力装置系统中其它单元的可靠性,进而预计系统的可靠性．     

一种新的活塞式磁通压缩发电机设计方案

介绍了磁通压缩发电机 (MFCG)作为高功率脉冲电源的特性 ,针对国外MFCG方案中遇到的烧蚀问题 ,提出了一种活塞式双螺旋绕组MFCG的新设计方案 ,给出了该方案的设计结构 ,分析了该种方案的原理、工作过程及特点     

基于突防任务的军机生存能力幂指数评估方法

军机生存能力是军机作战效能的重要指标,为定量化研究影响军机生存能力的相关因素,采用幂指数法与层次分析法相结合的方法构建军机生存能力评估模型,为解决军机生存能力指数评估问题提供了一种新的方法。     

India nuclear weapons: No first use or no full disclosure?

This article argues India is laying the foundation to move away from “no-first-use” (NFU) as its nuclear weapons employment policy. Since the inception of its nuclear weapons program, India has claimed NFU as the centerpiece of its nuclear strategy. But India has a history of developing foundational changes to its nuclear weapons program before such changes actually occur. For example, the infrastructure of India’s nuclear weapons program was already being created in the 1950s under the guise of civilian nuclear power. Similarly, the weaponization of India’s program, which did not officially occur until after the 1998 tests, had its genesis in far earlier decisions. A close examination of trends in India’s nuclear weapons production complex, its delivery systems, and its command and control complex all lead to the conclusion that India is laying the groundwork for more flexible employment options, up to and including first use. This article does not argue such a decision has been taken. Rather, it argues the underpinning is in place to allow for a move to more flexible options, perhaps very quickly, at some point in the future. This could occur during crisis or it could occur incrementally over time.     

舰船交流电力系统短路电流的改进算法及计算软件的编制

针对中国国家军用标准方法（ＧＪＢ－１７３）在计算某型舰船电力系统短路电流时误差较大的情况,提出了一种新的具有较高计算精度的短路电流计算方法——改进算法．提供了一套用ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ５．０编制的短路电流计算软件,该软件具有良好的人机对话能力和友好的界面,使用方便,且有较强的通用性