Aid versus sanctions for taming oppressors: theory and case study of the Iraqi Kurds

We model an oppressor aiming at victimizing an excluded group in his country, with two main variants. A foreign power affects his behaviour using either conditional aid, subject to the dictator’s participation constraint, or the threat of sanctions, broadly defined, subject to the credibility constraint. The choice between the two is either determined by the latter, or by their relative cost. Aid is preferred when the threat of sanctions is ineffective, and sanctions are too expensive. Sanctions might be imposed, if the threat is ineffective. A case study of the Iraqi Kurds after Iraq was subject to sanctions is presented.     

TERRORISM: FACTS FROM FIGURES 1

If international terrorism is on a rising trend, an important source of confirmation or refutation of this is time‐series data on terrorist activity. Using chiefly data collected by the RAND/MIPT consortium we show using basic statistical analysis that in the period 1968–2005 the yearly number of all international terrorist incidents shows no trend over time, but fluctuates year on year in a random manner. On the other hand some indicators do show a definite trend over time, principally the steady rise in the number of incidents that are death‐dealing in nature. A further conclusion is drawn, showing that the proportion of these incidents leading to deaths above a given level is virtually fixed.     

栅格数据处理中邻域型算法的并行优化方法

随着并行计算的成熟,众多数据密集型的栅格处理算法亟需利用并行计算来缩减执行时间.针对其中一类邻域型算法,构建了用于估计是时间代价的串行/并行时域模型,分析了各个组成的代价影响因素,提出了降低数据I/O代价的并行I/O方法和降低数据通信代价的光圈预测方法.实验证明,所提的两个优化方法可以使邻域型栅格处理算法的并行程序更加充分地利用并行计算资源,进而在一般并行化的基础上进一步提升其并行性能.     

YFRIO 实时I/O语言与YFSIM 仿真语言的同步关系

本文介绍ＹＦＲＩＯ语言和ＹＦＳＩＭ语言的同步关系,阐述了两者同步的硬件、软件机制,以及如何进行程序设计。     

Transnational terrorism as a spillover of domestic disputes in other countries

This paper models transnational terrorism as a three‐way strategic interaction involving a government that faces armed opposition at home, which may spill over in the form of acts of terrorism by the state's opponents against the government's external sponsor. The external sponsor also utilises deterrence against potential terrorists, which only lowers terrorism if terrorists are not intrinsically motivated by a deep‐seated sense of humiliation. The model highlights the importance of intrinsic motivation. A rise in the external power's preference for deterrence against terrorism may backfire in these circumstances. Increases in the government's military efficiency against the rebels, who are also terrorists against the government's sponsor, raises overall levels of violence.     

U.S. Troops and Foreign Economic Growth

By way of an evolutionary game model we show that mediation in international conflicts might be harmful to the conflicting parties. In fact, under anarchy both parties can be better off than under an international regime if mediation reduces the parties’ reactive capacities (i.e. their abilites to respond to an aggression). This result is applied to issues currently discussed in the literature on international relations such as the role of the United Nations as a mediator of international conflicts.     

低Ni/改性Al2O3催化剂表面性质表征

本文用氧吸附法和程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）法分别考察低Ｎｉ／改性Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的分散度，环已烷和苯的吸附脱附性能。结果表明：该催化剂分散性好，表面至少存在两种吸附中心。苯、环已烷在该催化剂的表面上属于一级可逆吸附脱附过程，催化剂表面能量分布不均匀。     

气相苯加氢低Ni/改性Al2O3催化剂性能评价

通过对γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体进行化学改性处理,把Ｎｉ的含量降低（在５％以内）制得气相苯加氢低Ｎｉ／改性Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂。考察反应条件对其催化活性影响,并对催化剂的活性稳定性、耐热性、抗毒物能力进行评价。结果表明：该催化剂的性能良好     

机载电子设备I/O装置测试系统设计

为了在复杂环境下对某飞机的机载电子设备进行功能测试和故障定位,提出了一种基于PXI总线技术的测试系统,可以在各种环境下实现整机联合测试,也可实现该机载电子设备场外可更换组件的单件测试,实现的I/O单件测试.新的测试系统对原有检测平台进行了合理的借鉴,使得检测程序化、系统化、智能化.     

涵盖I/O的广义存储一致性模型

作为计算机体系结构核心问题之一的存储一致性研究主要是围绕CPU访存一致性问题展开的,I/O设备DMA操作引发的存储一致性问题则一直处于研究的边缘。从I/O与存储体系结构一体化设计理念出发,针对支持全局DMA访问的分布共享存储(DSM)系统存储一致性问题,研究广义存储一致性,定义了涵盖I/O的广义程序概念,建立了广义域存储一致性模型,研究了基于广义域存储一致性模型的Cache-Memory-I/O一致性协议实现技术,对于DSM系统实现全局共享I/O具有指导意义和参考价值。