Cooperative interception with fast multiple model adaptive estimation

For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target, the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target, which performs a bang For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target, the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target, which performs a bang-bang evasive maneuver with a random switching time. Combined Fast multiple model adaptive estimation (Fast MMAE) algorithm, the cooperative guidance law takes detection configuration affecting the accuracy of interception into consideration. Introduced the detection error model related to the line-of-sight (LOS) separation angle of two interceptors, an optimal cooperative guidance law solving the optimization problem is designed to modulate the LOS separation angle to reduce the estimation error and improve the interception performance. Due to the uncertainty of the target bang-bang maneuver switching time and the effective fitting of its multi-modal motion, Fast MMAE is introduced to identify its maneuver switching time and estimate the acceleration of the target to track and intercept the target accurately. The designed cooperative optimal guidance law with Fast MMAE has better estimation ability and interception performance than the traditional guidance law and estimation method via Monte Carlo simulation.     

Performance study of jute-epoxy composites/sandwiches under normal ballistic impact

This study is undertaken to explore the use of natural fiber Jute-epoxy (JE), Jute-epoxy-rubber (JRE) sandwich composite for ballistic energy absorption. Energy absorbed and residual velocities for these composites are evaluated analytically and through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). FE analysis of JE plates is carried out for different thicknesses (3, 5, 10 and 15 mm). JE plates and JRE sandwiches having the same thickness (15 mm) are fabricated and tested to measure residual velocity and energy absorbed. The analytical results are found to agree well with the results of FE analysis with a maximum error of 9%. The study on JE composite plate reveals that thickness influences the energy absorption. Experimental and FE analysis study showed that JRE sandwiches have better energy absorption than JE plates. Energy absorption of a JRE sandwich is about 71% greater than JE plates. Damages obtained from FEA and testing are in good agreement. SEM analysis confirms composites failed by fiber rupture and fragmentation.     

高频雷达多波束最优天线方向图综合

在高频雷达中 ,多个部分重叠的波束被用来形成对预定空域的覆盖 ,而射频干扰和期望信号的空间结构之间的差异以及接收天线阵列的空间多样性则被用来抑制干扰以提高高频雷达的整体工作性能。然而如何在实时地形成多波束的同时有效地抑制射频干扰仍然是高频雷达一个急待解决的问题。基于最优天线方向图综合方法 ,通过主瓣形状保持和干扰抑制之间的合理折衷进一步提出了多波束形成算法。仿真结果表明该算法可以快速、灵活地形成多个波束来覆盖预定的空域 ,同时最大限度地抑制射频干扰 ,从而极大地提高了高频雷达的工作性能     

THE NPT

This article assesses the successes and failures of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) since its creation in 1968 by developing and applying a set of “metrics” to each of the NPT's substantive articles as well as to its withdrawal provisions. In light of this analysis, the article also puts forward some specific proposals for strengthening the NPT and its implementation, with a view to the debate and decisions at the upcoming 2010 NPT Review Conference. A concluding section turns explicitly to the 2010 NPT Review Conference and proposes pursuit of agreement on three NPT Action Plans: one for nonproliferation, one for peaceful uses, and one for nuclear disarmament. Combining vision and practicable steps, these Action Plans would set out a roadmap for action between the 2010 and the 2015 NPT Review Conferences. They could provide a foundation for substantive exchanges—in this case, on progress toward their implementation—during the preparations for the 2015 conference.     

An alliance between Cyprus and Greece: assessing its partners’ relative security contribution

The issue that this paper tackles is the assessment of the relative security benefits that Cyprus and Greece derive in the context of their cooperation on defence matters. This form of cooperation, known as the ‘Integrated Defence Space Doctrine’, aims at defending their interests in the Aegean Sea and the broader East Mediterranean theatre. The paper relies heavily on earlier research on this topic, which deals with the Greek–Cypriot alliance facing an arms race against Turkey, and uses a coefficient especially designed to assess the optimal levels of security and the associated defence expenditure of the two allies. A comparison of the relative security coefficient values for the two allies suggests that the security benefit that Greece derives thanks to its alliance with Cyprus exceeds the corresponding Cypriot benefit by far. Given the importance assigned to human resources by this index, in conjunction with the demographic problems of Greece, this conclusion justifies the recent Greek defence policy revision, emphasizing quality, capital equipment and flexibility of forces. This revision aims at satisfying the security requirements of the alliance and the increasing demands of an arms race against Turkey.     

EEMD联合AOK-TFR提取车辆微多普勒特征

利用连续波雷达探测运动车辆时,非线性、非平稳的多分量回波信号不易解析提取,基于此,提出了联合总体经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)和自适应最优核时频分布(Adaptive Optimal Kernel Time-Frequency Distribution,AOK-TFR)的方法提取运动车辆的微多普勒(micro-Doppler)特征。建立了车体振动和车轮转动对雷达回波信号产生的复合调制效应数学模型,并对多分量回波信号进行了EEMD,通过联合AOKTFR解析回波信号的固有模态分量,得到了较清晰的微多普勒时频像,较好地克服了地杂波带来的EMD模态混叠。仿真分析表明该方法提取到的微多普勒特征参数与仿真参数吻合,证明了该方法的有效性。     

接近观测最后逼近段最优制导方法

接近观测是一种新兴的天基观测手段,精确地导引飞行器到达目标附近合适的观测点是关键技术之一。针对接近观测最后逼近段制导问题,提出了一种最优末制导方法。在惯性系中建立了相对运动方程,把目标和观测点的相对位置作为终端约束,引入了综合考虑飞行时间与燃料消耗要求的性能指标,从而把接近目标的过程转化为最优控制问题,求解出最优推力方向、发动机工作时间和飞行时间。在此基础上,设计了最优制导方案。仿真分析表明最优末制导方法的精度较高,能够满足抵近观察任务的要求,同时对深空探测、交会对接等任务具有借鉴意义。     

延时线性系统最优控制的Walsh级数分析法

本文借助于 Walsh 级数的分析方法,导出了延时算子,并利用延时算子和 Walsh级数的运算特性给出了一套延时线性系统最优控制的 Walsh 级数分析法,避免了求解 Riccati方程使算法非常简单。     

一种推广的连续情形经济投资模型

随着序列情形费用型投资模型和折扣投资模型的解决，本文对其进行连续推广，并给出一个明确的停止规则。     

Between Man and Nature: The Enduring Wisdom of Sir Halford J. Mackinder

This article argues for the continued relevance of the work and theories of the British Geostrategist Sir Halford J. Mackinder (1861-1947). It asserts that commentators and scholars who seek to marginalise Mackinder have too often dismissed his theories without setting them in the context of their continued endorsement in crucial areas of the globe. After 1945, despite his theories being tainted by association with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, both Moscow and Washington recognised the utility of Mackinder’s work and tailored policy accordingly. The end of Cold War saw Mackinder fall out of favour as his model was deemed unsuitable for policy analysis by a number of influential thinkers. It is argued here that, in recent years, the arena of international politics has seen a rehabilitation of Mackinder, accompanied by a resurgence of interest in Geopolitics. Finally, the piece examines those areas of the contemporary globe where Mackinder’s influence is greatest.