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Christopher Zambakari 《African Security Review》2016,25(1):44-62
In this paper, I critically analyse the doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP), as it relates to the responsibility of intervening forces towards the people they claim to protect and the challenges that the situation in Libya now poses in the region and for the African Union (AU). I focus most of my attention on the coercive elements of the RtoP framework (Pillar III). This is the most contested element in the framework. Three questions guide this article: were there legitimate grounds to justify an external intervention in Libya? In the words of Hugh Roberts in Who Said Gaddafi Had to Go, ‘[w]hat if anything has Libya got in exchange for all the death and destruction that have been visited on it’ since 2011? What are the practical implications and consequences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) intervention, led by the United States (US), for regional peace? I discuss the problems surrounding the US–NATO intervention, followed by an analysis of the various positions and narratives leading up to the intervention, the framing and justifications provided for the intervention, and an analysis of the AU's proposal for the resolution of the Libyan crisis. I analyse the various debates that took place in the US (Pentagon/White House), at the United Nations, among scholars in the West and in Africa, and among various actors who tried to broker a ceasefire in Libya before and during the intervention. I conclude with a discussion of the implications for regional peace. 相似文献
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互联网逐渐成为现代社会的重要信息基础设施。Peer-to-Peer(P2P)技术是近年来兴起的一种分布式互联网计算技术,具有广阔的应用前景。FissionE是一种基于Kautz图的结构化P2P覆盖网,具有较高的路由性能。针对恶劣环境下结点失效导致的FissionE拓扑维护性能较差的问题,文章对FissionE的P2P拓扑维护方法进行改进,其基本思想是:直接由门结点产生ZONE消息,避免传统FissionE的ZONE消息产生机制带来的维护开销,从而在恶劣环境下获得更好的拓扑维护性能。 相似文献