一类具有饱和发生率的离散型SIS传染病模型

研究一类具有饱和发生率的离散型SIS传染病模型,得到了模型的基本再生数.通过线性化的方法,运用LaSalle-Lyapunov定理,证明当基本再生数R01时,无病平衡点是全局渐近稳定的;通过迭代的方法,证明当基本再生数R01时,地方病平衡点是全局渐近稳定的.     

北斗GEO卫星用户算法的改进方法研究*

针对北斗GEO用户算法需要进行5?倾角的坐标旋转处理这一过程,本文提出了采用经典广播星历参数用户算法直接解算北斗GEO卫星位置的改进方法,并同时给出了相应的基于第二类无奇点根数的广播星历拟合算法。该算法采用第二类无奇点轨道根数代替经典轨道根数,解决了由GEO轨道的小倾角特性引起的经典广播星历参数拟合过程中法化矩阵奇异的问题。从而避免了北斗GEO用户算法中坐标旋转处理过程,减少了GEO用户算法的计算步骤。经过仿真验证,本文提出的改进方法在卫星轨道拟合过程中与原算法精度相当;在卫星轨道外推过程中与原算法相比略有精度损失,但仍满足用户导航定位精度的需求。最后,采用实际北斗GEO星历解算的轨道数据验证了改进算法的有效性。     

Sequential learning versus no learning in Bayesian regression models

We consider two regression models: linear and logistic. The dependent variable is observed periodically and in each period a Bayesian formulation is used to generate updated forecasts of the dependent variable as new data is observed. One would expect that including new data in the Bayesian updates results in improved forecasts over not including the new data. Our findings indicate that this is not always true. We show there exists a subset of the independent variable space that we call the “region of no learning.” If the independent variable values for a given period in the future are in this region, then the forecast does not change with any new data. Moreover, if the independent variable values are in a neighborhood of the region of no learning, then there may be little benefit to wait for the new data and update the forecast. We propose a statistical approach to characterize this neighborhood which we call the “region of little learning.” Our results provide insights into the trade‐offs that exist in situations when the decision maker has an incentive to make an early decision based on an early forecast versus waiting to make a later decision based on an updated forecast. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 532–548, 2014     

The sixteenth-century antecedents of special operations ‘small war’

The first conceptual, theoretical treatises about small war (la petite guerre) as special operations appeared only from the middle of the seventeenth century. The term is not used in the eighteenth-century sense of ‘special operations’ in older sources. The supposed absence of any treatment of the subject is surprising considering the obsession with the ‘art of war’ in the Renaissance, but other authors attribute it to a supposed antinomy between chivalric ideals and irregular warfare. But the absence of explicit manuals on the subject is not evidence of absence of advanced reflection on this kind of operations in the Middle Ages and in Early Modern times. We should thus look elsewhere, in other genres, for writings that contain and pass on military knowledge. Epics, romances, educational and military treatises, and memoirs in fact contain elements of a theory of special operations, even though these genres differ from our conception of rationality inherited from the Enlightenment.     

Guerrillas and bandits in the Serranía de Ronda, 1810–1812

The Spanish Guerrilla (1808–1812) which has given its name to ideologically motivated insurgencies is usually portrayed as a patriotic uprising against the French occupation forces of Napoleon. It was that, in part, but also many other things besides. This case study illustrates its overlap and convergence with banditry but also with social unrest turned into uprisings directed by poor Spaniards against their creditors, as in the storming of Ronda by insurgents in 1810. From the propaganda of the day to the subsequent Spanish patriotic historiography, there has been a tendency to exaggerate the amplitude of events and also the damage that was done to the French forces and the casualty figures inflicted on them.     

基于研制试验数据的可靠性综合评估方法

针对产品在研制阶段的试验项目多、时间短、样本少等特点,在可靠性增长Duane模型的基础上,提出一种基于研制阶段变母体变环境试验数据的可靠性综合评估方法与模型。考虑不同试验应力环境对产品的影响,引入环境折合系数,根据相似产品试验数据,采用综合考虑了增长趋势检验约束和增长模型检验约束的寻优方法求解环境折合系数,利用折合后的数据进行可靠综合评估。通过实例证明了该方法的工程实用性。     

实弹射击弹着点定位算法研究

弹着点定位是实弹射击中实现自动报靶的关键。利用弹头撞击钢质靶板产生的振动波到达四个顶点上的振动传感器的时间差,来实现弹着点的定位。弹着点的位置定位算法,利用两次加权的方法,消除噪声等因素产生的误差,最后经过实验测试,分别对一次、二次加权的结果进行仿真以及数据的拟合。结果证明,该算法对弹着点的位置估计随着加权次数的增加,也会更加接近实际值。     

针对固定窗口算法的椭圆曲线密码故障分析

针对固定窗口算法实现点乘运算的椭圆曲线密码,基于符号变换故障攻击原理,通过分析不同故障模型下的密钥恢复过程,给出一种能够解决“零块失效”问题的改进故障分析方法,并进行仿真实验。实验结果表明：采用固定窗口算法的椭圆曲线密码易遭受故障攻击,10min内即可恢复NIST-192完整密钥。该故障分析方法也适用于其他采用点乘运算的密码算法。     

Optimal pricing and inventory control policy in periodic‐review systems with fixed ordering cost and lost sales

This paper studies a periodic‐review pricing and inventory control problem for a retailer, which faces stochastic price‐sensitive demand, under quite general modeling assumptions. Any unsatisfied demand is lost, and any leftover inventory at the end of the finite selling horizon has a salvage value. The cost component for the retailer includes holding, shortage, and both variable and fixed ordering costs. The retailer's objective is to maximize its discounted expected profit over the selling horizon by dynamically deciding on the optimal pricing and replenishment policy for each period. We show that, under a mild assumption on the additive demand function, at the beginning of each period an (s,S) policy is optimal for replenishment, and the value of the optimal price depends on the inventory level after the replenishment decision has been done. Our numerical study also suggests that for a sufficiently long selling horizon, the optimal policy is almost stationary. Furthermore, the fixed ordering cost (K) plays a significant role in our modeling framework. Specifically, any increase in K results in lower s and higher S. On the other hand, the profit impact of dynamically changing the retail price, contrasted with a single fixed price throughout the selling horizon, also increases with K. We demonstrate that using the optimal policy values from a model with backordering of unmet demands as approximations in our model might result in significant profit penalty. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

任务空间概念模型VV&A研究

任务空间概念模型是现实世界军事知识的第一层抽象,是仿真系统开发的业务基础。所以任务空间概念模型的质量直接影响到仿真系统的质量,任务空间概念模型自身的VV&A是一个非常值得关注的问题。任务空间概念建模本质上看是军事领域的知识表示或者需求描述,定性描述占主要,定量成分非常少。因此,传统的通过分析输出数据的方法不能适应任务空间概念模型的特点。概要介绍了任务空间概念模型建模,并且提出了从专家法、静态校核机制、概念执行机制三个角度来考察模型质量的思路。