拉应力对管线钢磁导率及磁记忆信号的影响

运用数值模拟方法,对不同拉应力作用下X60管线钢的相对磁导率μσ的变化情况进行了仿真.结果表明,加载初期试件处于弹性变形阶段时,μσ值变化较大,随应力的增大μσ值迅速减小;加载超过屈服点后,μσ值变化很小,应力的增大已不再对其产生显著影响.磁记忆检测试验表明,进入塑性变形阶段后,信号曲线亦会由起初无规律性分布发展到相近...     

Size dependent free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric micro/nano shell based on modified couple stress theory with considering thickness stretching effect

Higher-order shear and normal deformation theory is used in this paper to account thickness stretching effect for free vibration analysis of the cylindrical micro/nano shell subjected to an applied voltage and uniform temperature rising. Size dependency is included in governing equations based on the modified couple stress theory. Hamilton's principle is used to derive governing equations of the cylindrical micro/nano shell. Solution procedure is developed using Navier technique for simply-supported boundary conditions. The numerical results are presented to investigate the effect of significant parameters such as some dimensionless geometric parameters, material properties, applied voltages and temperature rising on the free vibration responses.     

基于应变测量法的几种典型悬臂梁的挠度测量

挠度变形是工程梁设计中的一项重要指标,为了更加准确地测量梁的挠度变形,提出了采用应变式传感器进行挠度测量的方法对几种典型的悬臂梁的挠度进行测量,该方法是利用挠度与外载荷(外力偶)、弯矩与应力、应力应变之间的关系,导出梁的挠度与应变之间的关系,从而由测得的应变得出悬臂梁在外载荷作用下的挠度。测量结果表明该测量方法测得的结果大大地提高了挠度测量精度。     

THE SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF RADIOLOGICAL TERRORISM

The July 2005 terrorist attacks in London demonstrated the resilience of Western society in the face of low-level conventional terrorism. But the psychological damage from the London bombings would likely pale next to the severe, unpredictable, long-lasting effects of a radiological attack. One unique hazard of radiation exposure beyond the obvious physiological effects is that it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, making it difficult for ordinary citizens to evaluate, quantify, and rationally understand the dangers confronting them. Radiological weapons stand out among the tools available to terrorists for their capacity to inflict far-reaching psychological damage to civilian populaces well beyond the immediate victims. A possible solution to mitigate the psychological consequences is to build a “resilience culture,” an interlocking set of beliefs, attitudes, approaches, and behaviors that help people fare better in any disaster or extraordinary circumstance. The “all-hazards approach,” which emphasizes the identifiable similarities among the “disaster triad”—that is, natural, accidentally man-made, and intentionally man-made disasters—extends to acts of terrorism and could help demystify the fears associated with radiological terrorist weapons.     

土中爆炸对埋地管线冲击作用的数值模拟分析

为了研究土中爆炸作用下埋地管线的安全问题,利用AUTODYN-2D、AU?TODYN-3D程序,采用程序提供的流固耦合功能和网格映射功能,对爆炸地冲击作用下埋地管线的变形和破坏问题进行了数值模拟分析,得到不同爆心间距管线的应力峰值.将模拟计算结果和理论计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:模拟计算值与TM5-855-1手册理论计算值比较吻合,表明采用数值模拟方法分析爆炸地冲击对埋地管线的作用是可行的,计算结果对地下爆破的安全施工和埋地管线的安全运行具有参考价值.     

Comparison between constant‐stress and step‐stress accelerated life tests under Time Constraint

By running life tests at higher stress levels than normal operating conditions, accelerated life testing (ALT) quickly yields information on the lifetime distribution of a test unit. The lifetime at the design stress is then estimated through extrapolation using a regression model. In constant‐stress testing, a unit is tested at a fixed stress level until failure or the termination time point of test, whereas step‐stress testing allows the experimenter to gradually increase the stress levels at some prefixed time points during the test. In this work, the optimal k‐level constant‐stress and step‐stress ALTs are compared for the exponential failure data under complete sampling and Type‐I censoring. The objective is to quantify the advantage of using the step‐stress testing relative to the constant‐stress one. Assuming a log‐linear life–stress relationship with the cumulative exposure model for the effect of changing stress in step‐stress testing, the optimal design points are determined under C/D/A‐optimality criteria. The efficiency of step‐stress testing to constant‐stress one is then discussed in terms of the ratio of optimal objective functions based on the information matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 00: 000–000, 2013     

Modified couple stress and thickness-stretching included formulation of a sandwich micro shell subjected to electro-magnetic load resting on elastic foundation

This paper studies electromagnetoelastic static investigation of a sandwich doubly curved microshell subjected to multi-field loading based on a new thickness stretching included refined higher order shear/normal deformable model. Modified-couple-stress-theory (MCST) is used for accounting small-scale-dependency. The numerical results are derived using an analytical method. The effect of small scale parameter in micro scale, initial electric and magnetic potentials and foundation parameters is studied on the electromagnetoelastic bending results. It is confirmed an enhancing in stiffness of small scale shell with an increase in micro length scale parameter.     

轴向剪切条件下功能梯度圆柱形复合材料的界面开裂问题研究

针对外覆功能梯度涂层的圆柱形复合材料在轴向剪切作用下的界面开裂问题,建立了断裂力学分析的理论模型。运用分离变量和无穷级数法,推导了奇异积分方程;利用Lobatto-Chebyshev配点法将其离散为代数方程组,最后得到了应力强度因子的数值解。对数值结果的讨论表明:在涂层外表面固定的条件下,可以通过降低涂层厚度和设计内侧软而外侧硬的涂层2种途径来有效地减小界面的断裂驱动力。研究结果可为工程中该类复合材料的防断裂优化设计提供理论参考。     

基于有限元分析的金属套／陶瓷柱外伸式过盈连接应力分布规律

以45^#金属套和氮化硅陶瓷柱为研究对象,采用有限元法分析了不同过盈量下金属套／陶瓷柱外伸式过盈连接的应力分布规律。结果表明：陶瓷柱在接触边缘均存在明显的边缘效应,轴向应力梯度较大;金属套在接触边缘内侧存在显著的应力集中,其值远大于对应位置陶瓷柱的压应力,易于导致陶瓷材料破坏。采用热胀法进行了试验验证,过盈连接试样均在12h内发生自然断裂,较好地验证了有限元分析结果。     

多级圆柱齿轮减速器等强度优化方法研究

针对工程机械和通用后勤装备中的标准圆柱齿轮减速器互换性极差,各齿轮存在较大的强度差和寿命差的特点,建立了标准直齿圆柱齿轮和标准斜齿圆柱齿轮的几何和强度优化设计的数学模型,结合优化设计的相关理论,提出了按齿轮应力最小的等强度优化方法;并运用Matlab优化工具箱对某后勤装备中使用的三级式标准圆柱齿轮减速器进行了等强度优化设计。结果表明,使用该优化设计方法既可保证齿轮强度有较大的安全裕量,又使所有齿轮寿命尽可能相等,从而具有良好的经济性并充分发挥所有齿轮的性能。