三轴MEMS加速度计的最大似然校正算法

加速度计是惯性导航系统的重要测量元件,而由于制造工艺及各类传感器误差,低成本加速度计很难达到要求的精度,因此需要对其进行校正。提出一种基于最大似然估计的加速度计自校正算法。综合考虑加速度计零偏、比例误差、非正交误差、安装误差与测量噪声,建立了传感器误差模型。在此基础上,将加速度校正问题转化为校正参数的最大似然估计问题。通过数值仿真和实测试验验证,表明算法具有较高的参数估计精度,能够有效地对上述因素引起的误差进行校正。     

装备经济性分析中的结构制造复杂度参数建模

参数估算法是当前装备经济性分析的主要方法,TruePlanning软件为国际主流的装备经济性分析软件。基于TruePlanning软件,以制造复杂度(Manufacturing Complexity)为研究对象,通过对TrueH模块进行深度剖析,分析并确立了结构制造复杂度(Manufacturing Complexity for Structure)的建模思路和模型形式。通过一个实例分析,选取5个必要的输入参数,构建结构制造复杂度的初步模型,并进一步考虑附加参数的输入,对模型进行修正。结果显示了结构制造复杂度对各技术参数的不同响应形式和敏感程度,为开发国产费用估算模型提供了可行的思路。     

基于负熵最大的FastICA语音信号分离算法

语音信号分离是现代信号处理的热点问题,针对未知信号源个数的情况,提出一种基于负熵最大的FastICA(Fast Independent Component Algorithm)语音信号盲分离算法,有效解决了源信号数目估计、语音信号分离及复原等问题。改进的算法增加了源信号数目估计环节,放宽了算法适用条件,即在源信号数目未知的情况下,也能够实现信号盲分离功能。并将其成功应用于运用信号分选过程中,最终复原语音时域波形,完成信号分选任务。仿真实验中,详细讨论了该方法在不同信噪比以及不同源信号数目情况下的分选能力,证明了方法的有效性和优越性。     

Markovian approximation for manufacturing systems of unreliable machines in tandem

This paper studies production planning of manufacturing systems of unreliable machines in tandem. The manufacturing system considered here produces one type of product. The demand is assumed to be a Poisson process and the processing time for one unit of product in each machine is exponentially distributed. A broken machine is subject to a sequence of repairing processes. The up time and the repairing time in each phase are assumed to be exponentially distributed. We study the manufacturing system by considering each machine as an individual system with stochastic supply and demand. The Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) is applied to model the process of supply. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. We employ (s, S) policy as production control. Fast algorithms are presented to solve the average running costs of the machine system for a given (s, S) policy and hence the approximated optimal (s, S) policy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 65–78, 2001     

低轨预警自由段弹道估计的多项式逼近算法

低轨单星对自由段弹道的估计是天基预警系统需解决的关键技术之一.建立了低轨预警卫星对自由段弹道的观测模型,针对极大似然估计批处理算法的大运算量问题,给出了一种多项式逼近算法,由观测数据的逼近多项式在一些特定采样点的值形成伪观测数据,以伪观测数据代替原观测数据进行弹道估计.仿真表明,精度与极大似然估计相当,运算量显著降低.     

基于“效重比”的机载火控雷达研制费估算

机载电子设备研制费的估算是飞机费用预测的一大难题。近年来出现的基于设备静态效能的统计方法,将机载电子设备众多的特征参数综合成一个静态效能指数,并利用该指数和设备的重量(体积)、可靠性指标等参数进行统计分析。但是在实际应用中,常用的效能评估方法考虑因素不全面,且受主观性影响较大;同时,电子设备的效能指数和重量一般都表现出较强的相关性,不能并列作为费用估算变量。为此,在提出能力综合评估法代替常用的效能指数法的基础上,采用"效重比"作为一个综合性参数的思想,建立了基于"效重比"的机载火控雷达研制费用估算模型;并通过机载火控雷达研制费用的估算实例验证了模型的可用性。     

基于模糊推理的目标攻潜武器判断

介绍了模糊推理理论基本思想,分析了判断目标攻潜武器的战术依据.针对潜艇水下收集目标信息的特点,应用模糊推理理论建立了目标攻潜武器类型的判断规则,并给出推导过程和实现方式,在把模糊推理理论应用于潜艇威胁判断模型的研究上做了初步尝试.     

Statistical variability and fragility assessment of ballistic perforation of steel plates for 7.62 mm AP ammunition

The paper describes field test results of 7.62 × 51 mm M61 AP (armour piercing) ammunition fired into mild steel targets at an outdoor range. The targets varied from 10 mm to 32 mm in thickness. The tests recorded penetration depth, probability of perforation (i.e., complete penetration), muzzle and impact velocities, bullet mass, and plate yield strength and hardness. The measured penetration depth exhibited a variability of approximately ±12%. The paper then compared ballistic test results with predictive models of steel penetration depth and thickness to prevent perforation. Statistical parameters were derived for muzzle and impact velocity, bullet mass, plate thickness, plate hardness, and model error. A Monte-Carlo probabilistic analysis was then developed to estimate the probability of plate perforation of 7.62 mm M61 AP ammunition for a range of impact velocities, and for mild steels, and High Hardness Armour (HHA) plates. This perforation fragility analysis considered the random variability of impact velocity, bullet mass, plate thickness, plate hardness, and model error. Such a probabilistic analysis allows for reliability-based design, where, for example, the plate thickness with 95% reliability (i.e. only 1 in 20 shots will penetrate the wall) can be estimated knowing the probabilistic distribution of perforation. Hence, it was found that the plate thickness to ensure a low 5% probability of perforation needs to be 11–15% thicker than required to have a 50/50 chance of perforation for mild steel plates. Plates would need to be 20–30% thicker if probability of perforation is reduced to zero.     

MATLAB神经网络的舰船磁场强度估算

舰船磁场建模常采用的方法有谐波分析、磁体模拟和有限元等方法,但普遍存在通用性不强和计算复杂等缺点.为了方便快捷地对舰船磁场强度进行估算,通过梳理影响舰船磁场强度的主要因素,利用神经网络的方法建立估算模型,网络学习采用MATLAB环境下的改进BP算法,网络训练时间短,从仿真的结果来看,估算模型具有估算精度高、通用性强的特点,补充了舰船磁场建模方法.     

基于自适应Kalman滤波算法的航空发动机可测参数及其偏离量估计

针对采用估计可测参数偏离量建立航空发动机机载自适应模型的方案中,可测参数偏离量估计的问题,引入了CA(Constant Acceleration)模型,建立了简化的可测参数状态方程和测量方程,采用自适应Kalman滤波算法直接估计可测参数,由估计出的可测参数与发动机非线性模型计算的额定值之差,获得可测参数偏离量.为解决因简化的状态模型系统误差较大,采用标准Kalman滤波会出现估计严重偏离真值的问题,分析了标准Kalman滤波准则和状态模型误差对滤波结果的影响,采用动态调整状态预报在滤波估计结果中权重的策略,给出了单因子自适应Kalman滤波算法准则及递推公式,使滤波估计准确.对不同的可测参数分别采取序列滤波的方法,减少了运算量.以仿真产生的发动机测量数据为例,对系统模型和所设计的算法进行验证,计算结果表明,所设计的滤波算法具有很快的收敛速度和计算速度,结果优于标准Kalman滤波算法,具有更好的估计精度和一定的工程应用价值.