多约束下的高超声速飞行器三维非线性自适应末制导律

面向多约束下高超声速飞行器末制导过程中的通道耦合、参数扰动、模型失配等突出问题,设计一种适于高超声速飞行器的三维非线性自适应末制导律。为了模型描述的完整性和简洁性,引入视线旋量和旋量速度的概念,并基于此建立三维制导参考模型和实际系统的表达式;为了保证制导律的鲁棒性和自适应性,基于自适应控制理论,设计一种三维非线性自适应制导律;通过数学推导证明了该制导律的稳定性。该制导律能够从理论上克服高超声速飞行器末制导面临的通道耦合、参数扰动、模型失配等突出问题,满足多约束制导要求。仿真结果验证了所设计制导律的有效性。     

含轴间距误差的消隙齿轮刚柔耦合动力学仿真

轴间距误差对消隙齿轮精度和性能有重要影响,但其机理和规律并不清楚。基于接触碰撞力约束关系建立齿轮接触动力学模型,进一步利用ADAMS/Flex建立单级消隙齿轮传动系统的刚柔耦合模型,通过刚柔耦合动力学仿真研究消隙齿轮传动在不同轴间距制造误差条件下的振动及频率特性。研究发现:随着轴间距的减小,扭簧的平均力矩增大,齿轮齿面间的啮合力矩以及摩擦力矩也将增大,从而阻碍扭矩的正常传递,并导致固定齿轮转速幅值降低;随着轴间距的增大,固定齿轮主谐振频率整体上降低,而且在轴间距稍大于标准中心距时降低很快。这一发现可指导消隙齿轮传动的设计和装配。     

基于神经网络TSP算法的防空作战火力分配

基于神经网络TSP算法建立了防空作战火力分配模型,并通过在计算机上仿真运行了实例,优化了火力分配方案.这是对解决防空作战火力分配问题的一种有益的尝试与探索,同时也对防空作战指挥决策和理论研究以及指挥自动化系统建设提供了参考.     

作战模拟系统中可视化想定编辑器的设计与实现

在回顾以往作战模拟软件某些弊病(如"想定独立性"差,不便于模型重构和模拟软件复用等)的基础上,提出了想定编辑器的概念;从用户需求和模拟软件需求两方面出发,采用面向对象的思想以及计算机战术标图技术、数据库技术,设计并实现了一套操作简便、适应多层次用户使用的战术想定编辑系统,为作战模拟推演及多方案作战效能分析对比,奠定了基础.     

Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface (FADS), an integrated guidance and control (IGC) approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile, which was robust to target maneuver, canard dynamic characteristics, and multiple constraints, such as impact angle, limited measurement of line of sight (LOS) angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. Initially, a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established, and extended state observer (ESO) was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system, including aerodynamic parameters perturbation, target maneuver and model errors. Secondly, aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law. Furthermore, combining with dynamic surface, which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws, the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law. Finally, the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded, rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.     

关于作战指挥艺术与工程化平衡的哲学思考

长期以来,作战指挥艺术是军事学家们的研究重点,随着复杂系统科学等理论的深入研究,一大批高新技术应用到军事领域,作战指挥工程化又成为争论的焦点。本文站在哲学的角度,从矛盾的斗争性和同一性两方面分析了作战指挥艺术和工程化之间的区别与联系,并结合作战指挥规律要求,坚持两点论与重点论相统一,探讨如何把握两者之间的关系。     

无人作战的人机融合：挑战与出路

无人作战对于人和机器两个要素的融合提出了巨大的挑战。一方面,无人作战独特的作战模式和作战环境对于自然人的能力素质构成严峻挑战,高度智能化的作战系统运行速度、海量的数据信息日益挑战人类的反应能力和决策能力,虚拟的、远程的、与现实战场隔绝的作战环境日益挑战人类的心理素质。另一方面,机器的高度智能化虽然有利于更好地发挥潜在的作战能力,但也不可避免地带来战争失控和道德沦丧的风险。破解人机两个维度的挑战,实现人与机器的深度融合,一方面要利用增强技术从物理、生理、心理三个层面加速提高人类的能力素质,另一方面是强化机器人的伦理安全设计,坚守人类对机器人的控制底线,规避机器人失控和战争“非人化”的道德风险。     

脉冲等离子体推力器工作过程一维磁流体动力学数值模拟

通过耦合脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)工作过程中电场、磁场、流场之间的相互作用,描述了电容器放电、推进剂烧蚀、等离子体加速流动等过程,建立了基于磁流体动力学(MHD)的一维非定常数学模型,对PPT的工作过程进行数值模拟。对数值模拟结果作了相应分析,并将部分模拟结果与实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,模型正确反映了推力器放电过程、推进剂烧蚀质量与表面温度的变化趋势。     

A bivariate optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system with repair priority

In this article, an optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar components with repair priority is studied. Assume that both Components 1 and 2, after repair, are not as good as new, and the main component (Component 1) has repair priority. Both the sequence of working times and that of the components'repair times are generated by geometric processes. We consider a bivariate replacement policy (T,N) in which the system is replaced when either cumulative working time of Component 1 reaches T, or the number of failures of Component 1 reaches N, whichever occurs first. The problem is to determine the optimal replacement policy (T,N)* such that the long run average loss per unit time (or simply the average loss rate) of the system is minimized. An explicit expression of this rate is derived, and then optimal policy (T,N)* can be numerically determined through a two‐dimensional‐search procedure. A numerical example is given to illustrate the model's applicability and procedure, and to illustrate some properties of the optimal solution. We also show that if replacements are made solely on the basis of the number of failures N, or solely on the basis of the cumulative working time T, the former class of policies performs better than the latter, albeit only under some mild conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

虚拟行为机制下的恶意代码检测与预防

Cohen证明了不存在一个算法可以精确地检测出所有可能的计算机病毒。MCDPM是一种基于虚拟行为机制的恶意代码检测方法,其目的是避开Cohen结论的限制,从而实现对恶意代码的有效检测和预防。MCDPM将传统的代码行为过程分解为虚拟行为发生和实际行为发生两个部分,通过对虚拟行为及其结果的监视和分析,实现对代码行为的精确检测。由于MCDPM的分析结果是建立在代码的确切行为之上,因此其判断结果是真实和准确的。对于非恶意代码,MCDPM则可以通过实际行为发生函数将其运行结果反映到系统真实环境,保持系统状态的一致性。MCDPM可以用于对未知恶意代码的检测,并为可信计算平台技术的信任传递机制提供可信来源支持。