Improving the damage potential of W-Zr reactive structure material under extreme loading condition

Projectiles made of reactive structure materials(RSM)can damage the target with not only kinetic but also chemical energy,but the enhanced damage potential of RSM may become compromised if extreme loading condition disintegrates the projectile before the target is reached.In this work,a ductile coating of Ni was introduced to a tungsten-zirconium(W-Zr)alloy,a typical brittle RSM,to preserve the damage potential of the projectile.Detonation driving tests were carried out with X-ray photography and gun-powder deflagration driving tests were carried out with high-speed photography for the coated and uncoated RSM samples,respectively.The craters on the witness target were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The Ni coating was found to effectively preserve the damage potential of the W-Zr alloy under extreme loading conditions,whereas the uncoated sample fractured and ignited before impacting the target in both detonation and deflagration driving.The crack propa-gation between the reactively brittle core and the ductile coating was analyzed based on the crack arrest theory to mechanistically demonstrate how the coating improves the structural integrity and preserves the damage potential of the projectile.Specifically,the Ni coating envelops the W-Zr core until the coated sphere penetrates the target,and the coating is then eroded and worn to release the reactive core for the projectile to damage the target more intensively.     

目次

为改善等离子体合成射流激励器在稀薄空气环境中的控制效果,增强其临近空间环境适应性,开展了腔体增压条件下激励器工作特性的研究。建立了腔体增压效果理论分析模型,计算结果表明:采用高压气源供气可以较好地提升激励器腔体气压,并且腔体气压对高压气源气压具有较好的跟随性,从而为射流强度调节提供了一种新的方式。搭建了腔体增压等离子体合成射流激励器实验系统,开展了腔体增压压力和射流流场特性测量,实验测量结果与计算结果吻合良好,误差小于2.6%。高速纹影观测显示:在腔体增压作用下,激励器控制力得到显著改善,射流锋面峰值速度由256 m/s提升至507 m/s。     

并联放电等离子体合成射流激励器工作特性

等离子体合成射流激励器凭借射流速度高、工作频带宽、响应迅速等优势在高速流场主动流动控制领域具有良好的应用前景。为了克服单个激励器控制能力弱、控制范围窄的缺点,开展了并联放电等离子体合成射流激励器的研究,搭建了最多支持三路并联放电的微秒脉冲电源。测试结果表明,电源在空载及负载条件下可以实现1000 Hz稳定放电。随着放电电容的增大,放电电能的提高,等离子体电弧的温度升高,激励器腔体内气体被加热得更剧烈,产生的射流速度增大。随着工作频率的提高,激励器的击穿电压降低,放电电能减小,射流速度减小。通过对触发信号的调制,可以实现每个激励器的独立控制,使得并联式激励器具有更强的流动控制灵活性。试验结果显示,激励器工作相位与触发相位具有较好的对应关系。     

轴对称淹没水射流喷管内外紊流流场数值模拟

利用淹没水射流可对有机物进行降解.为研究淹没水射流降解的流场特性,根据轴对称淹没水射流撞击靶件的条件建立了物理模型,选用κ-ε紊流模型采用SIMPLEC算法进行数值计算.计算结果表明,流场存在射流区、漫流区、撞击区和漩涡区:射流区离靶件较远的部分同自由射流结构相似;靶件冲击面上压力分布近似的呈正态分布.对物理模型进行适当的改进并进行模拟,其结果同相应的实验数据相吻合,验证了本模型的可行性和计算结果的正确性.     

宽速域飞翼布局后缘射流滚转控制研究

采用数值模拟方法对宽速域(Ma为0.145～0.7)内飞翼布局采用后缘环量控制射流进行滚转控制开展系统研究,并与传统舵面控制构型进行对比。研究关注电磁隐身特性、滚转控制特性和相关流动机理,以及射流引气的综合影响。结果表明：随马赫数的增大,射流对边界层流动的夹带和阻滞效应减弱,滚转控制能力显著下降;但射流控制大幅提高了典型角域的电磁隐身特性,并且引气量少,推力损失小,控制效率因子(单位附加阻力系数产生的控制力矩系数)高。综合来看,后缘环量控制射流是一种极具潜力的飞翼布局滚转控制设备。     

燃气射流引起的火箭发射系统振动特性分析

以火箭发射系统为研究对象,对其56°射角工况下发射过程中的振动特性进行分析。创新点在于确定发射过程中动态载荷的加载方法,即首先根据发射系统有限元分析结果确定迎气面上试验测量点的具体位置,然后测得燃气射流冲击压强随时间变化的数值,并对试验测得数据进行处理,最后推导冲击压力对于径向距离的直线公式。所采用的冲击压强分析方法为研究其他武器系统受燃气射流冲击的影响提供了重要的指导意义。     

火灾时公路隧道排烟方案设计与优选

针对双车道单向行驶高速公路隧道火灾提出三种排烟方案.利用FDS软件数值模拟火灾时各方案对烟气迁移和温度分布的影响,最后优选火灾时的排烟方案.结果表明：三种方案均能起到很好的排烟效果.若不考虑成本及技术难度,组合排烟方式效果最佳;若考虑成本和技术难度,则设置排烟口排烟效果最佳.在实际隧道发生火灾时,应综合考虑决定选取哪一种方案.若选用组合排烟方式,笔者建议火灾时,火源上游仅开启射流风机,火源下游则应同时开启排烟口,这样既节约成本,又能达到目的.     

Reaction characteristic of PTFE/Al/Cu/Pb composites and application in shaped charge liner

In this paper, the reaction characteristic and its application in shaped charge warhead of a novel reactive material, which introduced copper (Cu) and plumbum (Pb) into traditional polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al), are studied. The thermal analysis and chemical reaction behavior of the PTFE/Al/Cu/Pb mixture are investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC),Thermo-gravimetry (TG), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Then, the shaped charge liners with PTFE/Al/Cu/Pb reactive materials are fabricated, and the X-ray experiments show that they could form reactive jets with excellent performance under the detonation effects of the shaped charge. Based on that, the penetration experiments of shaped charge with PTFE/Al/Cu/Pb reactive liner against steel plates are carried out, and the results demonstrate that the PTFE/Al/Cu/Pb reactive jets could produce a deeper penetration depth compared to the traditional PTFE/Al reactive jets. Meanwhile, the PTFE/Al/Cu/Pb reactive jets also show significant inner-blast effects, leading to dramatically cracking or fragmentation behavior of the penetrated steel plates. This new PTFE/Al/Cu/Pb reactive liner shaped charge presents enhanced penetration behavior for steel targets that incorporates the penetration capability of a high-density and ductility jet, and the chemical energy release of PTFE-matrix reactive materials.     

受限空间雾化射流降温与加湿作用数值分析

以雾化射流预防、控制受限空间内油气热安全事故为工程背景,综合可压缩流场控制方程、k-ε湍流模型、粒子动力学模型与相变传热模型,构建了描述受限空间内雾化射流降温与加湿作用的数值分析模型。借助Fluent流体动力学仿真软件,以1 600 mm×200 mm二维狭长受限空间中不同工况的雾化射流为算例,对雾化射流降温与加湿过程进行了数值模拟,并探讨了雾化射流流量与粒径的不同对上述作用的影响。所得结果为进一步探究雾化射流降温与加湿行为,推进雾化射流在热安全防护领域的工程应用提供借鉴和参考。     

Influence of a liquid-filled compartment structure on the incoming shaped charge jet stability

Liquid-filled compartment structure consists of a bulk steel plate with matrix blind holes which are filled with liquid and a steel front plate to seal up the liquid with rings and bolts.The liquid-filled compart-ment structure can resist the shaped charge warhead effectively.This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations of the penetration ability of the residual shaped charge jet emerging from the liquid-filled compartment structure after the penetration process at different impact angles.On the basis of shock wave propagation theory,the influence of the liquid-filled compartment structure on jet sta-bility is analysed.The interferences of the liquid backflow caused by a reflected shock wave and a back plate on jet stability under different impact angles are also examined.In addition,the range of the disturbed velocity segments of the jet at different impact angles and the penetration ability of the re-sidual jet are obtained.A theoretical model is validated against the experimental penetration depths.