基于聚合模型的高轨预警卫星威胁评估

高轨预警卫星威胁评估是导弹作战指挥辅助决策的重要环节,可以为指挥员的太空目标选择提供依据。在分析其威胁要素特征的基础上,提出了采用“聚合模型”开展威胁评估的方法,并给出了威胁评估步骤。通过分析美国高轨预警卫星的工作模式及作战流程,选取了扫描探测、凝视跟踪及外部等三个方面的关键性威胁要素,并构建了各要素的评价函数模型。基于上下层威胁要素之间关系的不同,给出了两种不同的聚合模型,采用该模型分析了所选要素之间的聚合关系,得到了高轨预警卫星威胁评估模型。最后通过实例计算,验证了该评估方法的可行性和实用性。     

基于恒虚警的多卫星信号快速盲检测算法?

在分析实际盲卫星通信信号的基础上,提出了一种对不重叠多卫星信号数量、中心频率进行实时估计的快速盲检测算法。算法基于恒虚警率准确地估计了噪声的统计特性进而设置了信噪分离的门限,并根据卫星通信信号的实际带宽特性实现了盲信号的检测。仿真结果表明,算法能够在较低的信噪比下实现对多卫星信号的快速准确盲检测,且与其他算法相比,该算法准确率高、通用性强,更能满足实际工程的需要。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

GNSS应急辅助定位及精度评估方法研究

在可视卫星数少于4颗、无法进行传统导航解算的恶劣环境下,导航接收机可利用外部高程气压计提供的高程或者内部守时模块的钟差等信息进行应急辅助定位。在该应急辅助定位工作模式的误差分析中,传统导航定位误差传递模型无法适用。针对此问题,本文在研究三星结合高程、三星结合钟差、双星结合高程钟差等几种应急辅助定位原理的基础上,给出了新的应急辅助定位误差传递的分析模型,利用仿真算例验证了该模型的正确性。最后通过对定位精度的分析,说明根据卫星分布特点可以按照本文方法量化得到伪距测量与辅助信息的精度的最优数量级关系,可以用最小代价实现定位精度的提升。该结论可指导接收机外部辅助器件的选择。     

INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF FRESH FUEL SUPPLY AND SPENT FUEL DISPOSAL

Recent events in Iran and elsewhere demand a reevaluation of the need for increasing nuclear fuel supplies and assuring reliable flow of fuel to nuclear power user states vis-à-vis the need for strengthened security for all countries against the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The right of countries to a guaranteed supply of nuclear energy for peaceful uses must be balanced with the global community's desire to limit flows of nuclear material and sensitive nuclear facilities that could create opportunities for nuclear proliferation. This article proposes elements of an international regime of fresh fuel supply and spent fuel disposal that will guarantee fresh fuel supplies to countries honoring their obligations under the Treaty for the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), while reducing concerns about diversion of spent fuel for weapons purposes. A specific application to countries with small pre-commercial uranium enrichment plants is also proposed.     

The future of the defence firm in small and medium countries

The Western European defence industry used to be characterized by numerous constraints, especially in the small countries, subject to uneconomic defence production policies. It faces, since the end of the Cold War, a succession of new challenges such as budget restrictions, armament reductions and geopolitical upheavals. The EU is pushing in the direction of a cohesive foreign policy, including security and defence. Today, the emergence of a more consolidated European defence industry and the presence of oligopolistic European companies imply the definition of new roles for the EU and for its European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). The solution is not protectionism, but more co‐operation to ensure effective defence production at a socially acceptable cost. In the framework of this co‐operation, defence companies in small and medium countries have a role to play as part of the supply chain to major weapon system integrators.     

Small countries and the consolidation of the European defence industry: Portugal as a case study

In this paper, we analyse the dilemma confronted by a small country in relation to the consolidation taking place in the European defence industry. Assuming that Portugal must maintain its armed forces, and must retain a minor defence industry, this industry must be competitive in small niches. Competitiveness must be based on, amongst other elements, technical efficiency and technological change. We investigate this issue, first characterizing the threats faced by the Portuguese defence industry, then investigating its present efficiency and finally, we discuss its role in the consolidation of the European Industry. We conclude that the Portuguese defence industry has no alternative but to opt for innovation and European partnership, which are complementary policies, but which require the active involvement of the stakeholder (i.e. the Government) in effecting these fundamental shifts in direction and emphasis. If this strategy does not succeed, the defence policy should be based on offsets.     

基于秘密共享的卫星网络组密钥管理方案

针对卫星网络组密钥管理的重要性,提出了一个可认证的基于门限秘密共享的组密钥管理方案．结合卫星网络的动态拓扑结构特点,将地面站作为组成员的身份注册中心,以实现对组成员的身份认证,确保节点的合法性．为了提高组密钥的生成效率,选取≠一1颗可见时间长的卫星构建组密钥份额分发中心,降低了组密钥联合生成过程中的通信量．组密钥协商无需安全信道,节省了系统资源．安全性及性能分析表明,该方案不仅具有较强的安全性,而且还具有计算和通信量小的优点．参数分析表明,门限值k与组密钥更新周期T是影响方案安全性的2个重要因子．     

红外烟幕对预警卫星的干扰效能评估

预警卫星是国家导弹防御系统中的重要组成部分。为了提高弹道导弹的突防能力,在对预警卫星进行简要介绍的基础上,讨论了通过伴星或其他方式施放红外烟幕对星载红外探测器的干扰机理和可行性,并建立了红外烟幕对预警卫星进行干扰的效能评估模型。通过仿真计算,发现只要烟幕施放时机、位置得当,烟幕厚度和密度达到一定要求,足以达到干扰目的。     

高阶BOC信号电离层色散效应的模拟算法*

导航信号模拟器需要模拟电离层引起的信号延时和色散效应,对于传统BPSK信号,模拟器基于单频假设,通过直接调整码相位和载波相位之间的相对关系来模拟电离层的影响。新一代卫星导航信号广泛采用的BOC (Binary Offset Carrier)调制信号具有更宽的带宽,作单频假设会引入不可忽略的电离层延迟建模误差。论文提出了基于双边带模型的高阶BOC信号高精度模拟方法,并仿真验证了算法的正确性。该方法可应用于导航信号模拟器实现BOC信号电离层色散效应的模拟。