The Long-run Causal Relationship Between Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in China: Revisited

This paper re-examines the long-run causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in China over the period 1952–2010. An empirical econometric analysis based on a Barro-style growth model is conducted. By employing the Bartlett corrected trace test, which provides better approximations of the finite sample distribution to determine the rank of cointegration, the results support the existence of a single long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the cumulated shocks of military expenditure primarily originate from different components of shocks that relate to economic development rather than the other way round.     

基于移相器控制电压的“动中通”波束形成改进算法

在波束形成技术中,基于同时扰动随机梯度估计算法计算接收功率对移相器控制电压的梯度,研究了同时扰动随机梯度估计算法中扰动量和电压更新方程中步长的取值问题。仿真结果表明,随迭代次数变化的扰动量较固定扰动量能有效地提高算法的收敛性能,在同时扰动随机梯度估计算法中,将步长改为随阵元空间位置变化,能有效地提高电压更新方程的收敛速度。研究了与变扰动量有关的参数取值,指出了参数的选取准则。MATLAB仿真结果验证了所改进算法的正确性和有效性。     

浅析我国新阶段下的“三农”问题

三农(农民、农业、农村)在中国城市化、工业化、现代化过程中具有不可逾越的地位,有着不可低估的人口影响、空间影响、素质影响和政治影响。由于受经济、产业、制度的制约,出现了农民增长缓慢、农业发展动力不足、农村剩余劳动力过多等“三农”问题。新的国际、国内发展阶段又加剧了“三农”问题,使其成为影响我国经济持续健康发展的重要因素。“三农”问题的解决需要新的思路、新的方法和新的措施,这要求我们必须从以下几方面思考:大力发展小城镇,转移农村剩余劳动力;调整产业结构,提高农产品市场竞争力;大力发展教育,增加劳动力的人力资本存量;加大对“三农”的支持力度,创造良好的发展环境。     

开流形的曲率与拓扑

应用比较几何的方法研究了完备非紧且具有特定曲率条件的黎曼流形,证明了在一定Pinching条件限制下,流形具有有限拓扑型或者微分同胚于Rn。     

Brazilian National Defence Policy: foreign policy,national security,economic growth,and technological innovation

ABSTRACT

With the world’s ninth largest economy and comprising nearly 60% of South America’s GDP, 47% of its territory, and 49% of its population, Brazil has become a regional power and an important actor in world affairs over recent decades. This scenario has led the government to re-evaluate its role in the world order, resulting in the enactment of the National Defence Policy, whose objective was to consolidate the country as a regional power while at the same time addressing national security issues, promoting economic development through a series of defence programmes, restructuring the defence industrial base, fostering innovation through technology and knowledge transfer to Brazil, and indigenous research and development. However, the policy’s implementation suffers from several challenges discussed in this article, which may test the capability and competence of Brazilian policymakers, military, industrialists, and other individuals and organisations involved in its implementation.     

多阶段含延缓纠正的可靠性增长序化建模分析

多阶段含延缓纠正的可靠性增长试验,其各个阶段内的试验数据分别服从参数不同的Weibull过程.针对现场样本少、传统的可靠性评估方法实施困难的问题,首先在获得各阶段形状参数的基础上,对各个阶段截尾时刻的失效强度建立顺序约束关系.然后,运用Bayes方法融合先验信息,获得最末阶段截尾时刻的失效强度的期望与置信上限.该结果融合了历史阶段的样本信息,优于仅利用单个阶段样本的分析结果,适用于多阶段可靠性增长试验的综合评估.     

火箭发动机可靠性增长评估的Bayes方法

针对火箭发动机分阶段试验,每阶段试验后对发动机出现的故障分析、归零的情况,提出等效试验数据的概念,结合Bayes方法对系统的可靠性增长试验进行评估,并在此基础上给出可靠度的增长分析,最后给出实例进行说明。     

锥形液膜的Kelvin-Helmholtz扰动波

为进行锥形液膜雾化过程分析,研究锥形液膜的Kelvin-Helmholtz稳定性问题,应用小扰动假设,建立了锥形液膜数学模型、轴对称扰动运动的控制方程和边界条件,采用分离变量法求解线性偏微分扰动方程组,经过严格的数学推导,得到了锥形液膜内外表面扰动波增长速率特征方程.当液膜锥角为零时,与环形液膜扰动波特征方程一致;当液膜锥角和液膜内径为零时,与圆射流扰动波特征方程一致,表明导出的锥形液膜扰波动方程是合理的.     

矩形波导结构潘尼管工作特性的分析

本文导出了一般TE_(no)模矩形波导结构潘尼管的色散方程,对潘尼管作了更明确的解释,并详细计算了TE_(20)模潘尼管的色散方程,得到其基波和第三次谐波同步谐振的色散曲线。该曲线表明,潘尼管在基波谐振上有1.5%的增长率,而在第三次谐波上有0.8%的平均增长率。此外,用非线性理论分析基波和第三次谐波同步谐振时的工作情况,给出了电子饱和时的电子分布图。在常直流磁场下优化结果表明,潘尼管在其次谐振时有51%的高效率和QP_w=9949.9MW 的输出功率,而在第三次谐振时有11%的效率和QP_w=1741.8MW 的输出功率。     

Book reviews

The Political Economy of Military Spending in the United States, Alex Mintz (ed), London and New York: Routledge, 1992, pp x, 334; ISBN 0–415–07595–5

Penser La Guerre, Penser L'Economie, Christian Schmidt, (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1991), 350p.

Military Production and Innovation in Spain, Jordi Molas‐Gallart, Chur (CH): Harwood Academic Publishers, 1992, pp. vii, 212; ISBN 3–7186–5280–3