The view from above: how the Royal Air Force provided a strategic vision for operational intelligence during the Malayan Emergency

It has long been held that the Federation of Malaya’s counter-insurgency campaign during the First Malayan Emergency (1948–60) was determined by the use of intelligence. Special Branch — the Federation’s primary intelligence agency — dominates the prevailing paradigm of how the insurgent threat was tackled. Conversely, the role of the Royal Air Force (RAF) within this paradigm is very limited. Most observers simply dismiss the role of photoreconnaissance or airstrikes as being largely inconsequential to the counter-insurgency effort. This is perhaps understandable: the Emergency was after all a ‘policing action’ and the insurgents were largely hidden under Malaya’s jungle canopy and amongst the Chinese community. However, further scrutiny reveals that the RAF made a much more significant contribution to the intelligence element of the counter-insurgency campaign than previously realised. First, the RAF decided to locate their Advanced Headquarters with the Army’s General Headquarters. This led to the creation of the Land/Air Operations Room, through which intelligence, tasking and resources were coordinated. Moreover, the RAF put its intelligence teams into the field to provide a practical link between local units and theatre-level assets. Second, with the support of the Army, the RAF established at the beginning of the Emergency the Joint Air Photographic Intelligence Board (Far East). This coordinated all photographic intelligence requirements throughout the Emergency, which was then delivered via the Joint Air Photographic Centre (Far East). Hence, via Joint Operations Centre and JAPIB (FE), the RAF provided both the practical means for effective joint intelligence operations at theatre level throughout the Emergency.     

特定m维修策略更新过程系统可用度模型

将武器装备系统的组成部分分为3类,通过分析得出适合装备系统的特定m维修策略,能够在保证装备较高使用可用度的同时,最大程度地缩减维修保障成本.利用更新过程某些特性,建立特定m维修策略下的使用可用度模型,简化了使用可用度的计算.     

Insights from a Database of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Hizb-ul-Mujahideen Militants

This article uses a novel database of 1,625 posthumously published biographies of members of two Islamist militant organizations (Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM)), all of whom were killed in the course of carrying out militant attacks. In general, each biography provides data on the militant’s birthplace, education, recruitment, and training. The number of observations in this database is a full order of magnitude larger than those of previous databases assembled from militant biographies. While the sample of militants in this database is the product of multiple selection effects, analysis of the database undermines many common myths about Pakistani militants and casts doubt on current policy approaches to mitigating Islamist militancy in Pakistan.     

基于费效分析的地空导弹火力配系优化

为科学评价地空导弹火力配系方案,针对不同的地空导弹火力组成体系,采用费效分析方法,结合地空导弹操作使用,首先给出了地空导弹火力配系费效分析步骤,然后分别对火力配系的费用和效能进行了讨论,并建立了火力配系费效准则和综合费效比模型,最后通过区域反导实例验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于功能角色模型的反馈系统故障模式影响分析

从系统功能设计过程出发,在分析反馈系统工作原理及其功能角色模型构造特点的基础上,认为反馈信号在输入端可等效为正、负、零三种误差信号。以此为基础,提出了反馈系统基于该理论的故障传播分析方法和技术。最后以飞机发动机燃料计量系统为例,阐述该方法在反馈系统中应用的可行性。经案例分析表明,该方法可以比较有效地解决一类带反馈环的故障分析问题,大大提高了功能角色模型的应用范围。     

Waypoint analysis for command and control

Command and Control (C2) in a military setting can be epitomized in battles‐of‐old when commanders would seek high ground to gain superior spatial‐temporal information; from this vantage point, decisions were made and relayed to units in the field. Although the fundamentals remain, technology has changed the practice of C2; for example, enemy units may be observed remotely, with instruments of varying positional accuracy. A basic problem in C2 is the ability to track an enemy object in the battlespace and to forecast its future position; the (extended) Kalman filter provides a straightforward solution. The problem changes fundamentally if one assumes that the moving object is headed for an (unknown) location, or waypoint. This article is concerned with the new problem of estimation of such a waypoint, for which we use Bayesian statistical prediction. The computational burden is greater than an ad hoc regression‐based estimate, which we also develop, but the Bayesian approach has a big advantage in that it yields both a predictor and a measure of its variability. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

企业会计政策选择的起因及其定位思考

目前 ,在以会计准则为企业会计政策规范主体的模式下 ,企业对会计政策有较大的选择空间 ,不同的会计政策选择 ,产生企业不同结果的会计信息 ,对企业利害关系集团产生不同的利益分配结果和社会资源配置效率。本文通过分析企业会计政策选择的起因 ,探讨了会计政策选择的正确定位 ,对于企业正确选择会计政策、维护资本市场的健康运行具有一定的借鉴意义     

一种可实现TF/TA2的无人飞行器三维航迹规划方法

从规划空间的有效表达着手对无人飞行器三维航迹规划展开研究,基于地形和威胁提出的飞行器航迹规划方法将航迹规划分为学习阶段和查询阶段,环境信息和飞行器的大部分约束条件结合在路线图的构造过程中,航迹搜索在此路线图中进行并最终实现全部约束条件.试验结果显示,该方法可以实时获得实现TF/TA2的三维航迹.     

BM弹头雷达一维像干扰初探

根据目前反导雷达使用宽带信号对目标进行一维成像,检测目标几何特征的特点,从弹道导弹(BM)弹头雷达一维像(HRRP)特征出发,参照宽带线性调频雷达成像原理,讨论了对BM弹头HRRP可采取的几种电子干扰措施,包括对BM弹头HRRP的模拟和遮盖,给出了模拟BM弹头HRRP时所需生成的各信号特征,分析了每种遮盖干扰信号的功率利用情况,最后分析了每种干扰措施的优缺点。     

基于CFD方法的典型防空导弹气动反设计研究

建立了基于计算流体动力学(CFD)的防空导弹气动反设计方法,对世界几种典型防空导弹气动外形进行了反设计研究,计算了气动特性参数,进一步通过综合对比,剖析了气动布局以及气动外形的主要特点,最后给出了总结和启示,可作为工程设计的有益参考。