Allocation of quality improvement targets based on investments in learning

Purchased materials often account for more than 50% of a manufacturer's product nonconformance cost. A common strategy for reducing such costs is to allocate periodic quality improvement targets to suppliers of such materials. Improvement target allocations are often accomplished via ad hoc methods such as prescribing a fixed, across‐the‐board percentage improvement for all suppliers, which, however, may not be the most effective or efficient approach for allocating improvement targets. We propose a formal modeling and optimization approach for assessing quality improvement targets for suppliers, based on process variance reduction. In our models, a manufacturer has multiple product performance measures that are linear functions of a common set of design variables (factors), each of which is an output from an independent supplier's process. We assume that a manufacturer's quality improvement is a result of reductions in supplier process variances, obtained through learning and experience, which require appropriate investments by both the manufacturer and suppliers. Three learning investment (cost) models for achieving a given learning rate are used to determine the allocations that minimize expected costs for both the supplier and manufacturer and to assess the sensitivity of investment in learning on the allocation of quality improvement targets. Solutions for determining optimal learning rates, and concomitant quality improvement targets are derived for each learning investment function. We also account for the risk that a supplier may not achieve a targeted learning rate for quality improvements. An extensive computational study is conducted to investigate the differences between optimal variance allocations and a fixed percentage allocation. These differences are examined with respect to (i) variance improvement targets and (ii) total expected cost. For certain types of learning investment models, the results suggest that orders of magnitude differences in variance allocations and expected total costs occur between optimal allocations and those arrived at via the commonly used rule of fixed percentage allocations. However, for learning investments characterized by a quadratic function, there is surprisingly close agreement with an “across‐the‐board” allocation of 20% quality improvement targets. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 684–709, 2001     

基于数据的故障诊断更新问题分析及应用

机内测试被广泛应用于故障诊断,装备健康管理与预测等领域。本文针对机内测试设备在设计和升级时遇到的分类器更新,样本数量不平衡,硬件条件限制问题,提出了初步解决方案。首先,利用基于密度的聚类和人工免疫的方法处理原始数据,然后提出了基于代表样本点的混合学习方法,最后利用支持向量机和仿真案例验证了本文所提方法。结果表明本文所提方法能够解决上述问题,有助于基于数据的机内测试设备设计与升级。     

论打击防范“三股势力”犯罪的立法完善

国际恐怖主义和包括“东突”势力在内的民族分裂主义、宗教极端势力和暴力恐怖势力等“三股势力”是危害我国社会和谐、国家安全的主要因素之一。坚持依法打击和防范是治本之策,但现行相关法律还存在着许多空白和不足之处,亟待完善。为此,建议国家积极与周边国家签订或完善打击防范“三股势力”的双边或多边合作协定,充实协作机构;进一步完善刑法、刑事诉讼法和刑侦、安全、边检、金融等法律在打击和防范“三股势力”犯罪方面的具体规定;适时出台《反“三股势力”法》。     

H-PRF方式地面情报雷达杂波抑制性能分析

针对提高地面情报雷达杂波抑制性能的问题,在阐述PD体制信号处理的基础上,主要结合与传统的L-PRF方式对比,对应用H-PRF方式PD体制信号处理的改善因子进行了分析论证.     

世纪金花钟楼购物广场安全疏散消防整改设计

依据国家有关消防技术规范,介绍世纪金花钟楼购物广场安全疏散消防整改设计,探讨避难通道、帘中对开门式防火卷帘在地下商店安全疏散方面的应用。     

Capacity expansion and cost efficiency improvement in the warehouse problem

The warehouse problem with deterministic production cost, selling prices, and demand was introduced in the 1950s and there is a renewed interest recently due to its applications in energy storage and arbitrage. In this paper, we consider two extensions of the warehouse problem and develop efficient computational algorithms for finding their optimal solutions. First, we consider a model where the firm can invest in capacity expansion projects for the warehouse while simultaneously making production and sales decisions in each period. We show that this problem can be solved with a computational complexity that is linear in the product of the length of the planning horizon and the number of capacity expansion projects. We then consider a problem in which the firm can invest to improve production cost efficiency while simultaneously making production and sales decisions in each period. The resulting optimization problem is non‐convex with integer decision variables. We show that, under some mild conditions on the cost data, the problem can be solved in linear computational time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 367–373, 2016     

数据基故障诊断算法更新问题研究

机内测试被广泛应用于故障诊断、装备健康管理与预测等领域。针对机内测试设备在设计和升级时遇到的分类器更新、样本数量不平衡、硬件条件限制问题,提出初步解决方案。利用基于密度的聚类和人工免疫方法处理原始数据;提出基于代表样本点的混合学习方法;利用支持向量机和仿真案例验证所提方法。结果表明所提方法能够解决上述问题,有助于基于数据的机内测试设备设计与升级。     

刍议以消防维护保养专业力量促进控制室值班人员能力提升

分析了消防控制室值班人员岗位能力不足的主要原因,结合《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》和《社会消防技术服务管理规定》的相关规定,提出了充分发挥消防维护保养机构作为第三方社会力量的专业队作用,利用市场化方法和经济杠杆,通过加强操作能力培训、建立健全职责制度、强化责任落实和严格监督执法等措施,进一步加强对消防控制室值班人员的实际操作培训,有效提升消防控制室值班人员的岗位能力。     

美军装备维修的基本做法及发展趋势

本文围绕着维修管理阐述了美军改进装备维修工作的基本做法,并综合评述了80年代后的发展趋势。     

一种飞机可达性改进模型及其应用

针对飞机的结构可达性问题,提出了一种对飞机部件排列顺序进行优化的可达性改进方案。应用飞机的维修拆装顺序模型,得出飞机拆卸时的一般顺序,建立了基于模糊综合判定法的飞机可达性改进模型,给出了合理的飞机部件排列顺序。最后,结合实例,验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。